Every electric motor has operating limits. Overshooting these limits will eventually destroy it and the systems it drives, the immediate effect being operating shutdown and losses. A short circuit is a direct contact between two points of different electric potential: – Alternating current: phase-to-phase contact, phase-to-neutral contact, phase-to-ground contact or contact between windings in a …
How Stuxnet (PLC virus) spreads – Part 2
Continued from How Stuxnet (PLC virus) spreads – Part 1 » Read here Stuxnet is a computer worm designed to infect Siemens SIMATIC WinCC and S7 PLC products, either installed as part of a PCS 7 system, or operating on their own. It starts by taking advantage of vulnerabilities in the Windows operating systems and …
How Stuxnet (PLC virus) spreads – Part 1
The Stuxnet worm is a sophisticated piece of computer malware designed to sabotage industrial processes controlled by Siemens SIMATIC WinCC and PCS 7 control systems. The worm used both known and previously unknown vulnerabilities to install, infect and propagate, and was powerful enough to evade state-of-the-practice security technologies and procedures. Since its discovery, there has …
GIS control system
For ease of operation and convenience in wiring the GIS back to the substation control room, a local control cabinet (LCC) is provided for each circuit breaker position (Figure 1). The control and power wires for all the operating mechanisms, auxiliary switches, alarms, heaters, CTs, and VTs are brought from the GIS equipment modules to …
KNX automation makes buildings more efficient
Adapt the demand for heating, cooling and lighting In light of climate change and increasingly scarce resources, the energy-efficient operation of buildings is gaining in importance. Essential requirements for this are an energy-efficient architectural design, an insulated building exterior and modern installation engineering with a high level of efficiency. Ultimately, the consumption of energy for …
Information flow in the human-machine interface
Operators play an important part in the human-machine dialogue.They must use the information they have to perform actions that make the machines and installations run properly without endangering safety and availability. It is therefore crucial that the interfaces and dialogue functions are designed to ensure that operations can be performed reliably in all circumstances. A …
