Primary and secondary power distribution systems (layouts explained)
Primary distribution systems consist of feeders that deliver power from distribution substations to distribution transformers. A feeder usually begins with a feeder breaker at the distribution substation. Many feeders leave… Read more
Mar 06, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Why more and more automation in power distribution? Aren’t we already automated?
One may wonder why is everybody talking more and more about automation in power distribution. Aren’t we already automated? Well, we are not. It can always be better, faster, with…...
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Feb 28, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Learn to recognize T&D pylons, foundations, insulators, cables, bushings and arresters
Recognizing the type of transmission & distribution pylons and their equipment is kind of hard if you don’t know where to look for. There are many variations that look similar… Read more
Feb 20, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
How not to overspecify high voltage CTs and VTs
The installations wherein CTs and VTs are mounted to measure the normal and abnormal values of current and voltage, have many variations in key system parameters, including voltage class, insulation… Read more
Feb 18, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Six steps for specifying IEC 61850 and substation automation requirements
It is not easy to read the IEC 61850 documents or to comprehend how the pieces all work together. When implementing systems as complex and as new as substation automation,… Read more
Feb 06, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
6 not-that-easy-to-understand terms related to a power transformer you should understand
There are many terms related to the power transformer operation that can be easily visualized which are especially important for students, like for example transformer construction or regular working principle…. Read more
Jan 21, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
The basic things about substations you MUST know in the middle of the night!
To explain in very simple words, I would say that substation is a bunch of electrical devices gathered and connected in one place. On top are clever electrical devices who… Read more
Jan 09, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection scheme for the substation with a single supply from the utility
The utility supply voltage depends on both availability and consumer requirements. The consumer transformer is connected delta on the high-voltage side and grounded wye on the low-voltage side. A fused-disconnect… Read more
Jan 07, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Analysis of faults in machine and transformer windings
The analysis of faults in the synchronous machine and transformer windings presents a special difficulty because the effective impedances of the affected windings under internal fault conditions are not normally… Read more
Jan 02, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection scheme for remote private substation with small generator
Connections of private substations to utilities are made more complicated with the addition of private-owned generation facilities. The choice of relays and their placement must be made to ensure adequate… Read more
Dec 12, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Typical utility-consumer interconnection configurations
The utility-consumer interconnection provides the path for power flow between supplier (utility) and user (consumer). The interconnection may comprise one or more circuits and is assumed to include voltage transformation…. Read more
Dec 10, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
10 unbalance detection schemes for removing failed capacitor bank from the system
The main purpose of an unbalance detection scheme is to remove a capacitor bank from the system in the event of a failure and fuse operation. This will prevent damaging… Read more
Nov 26, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Main components of a Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) you should know about
Gas-insulated substations (GIS) use circuit breakers, disconnect switches, and grounding switches, and have various means of indicating their position, either opened or closed, so the same as in air-insulated substation…...
Premium Membership Required
This technical article/guide requires a Premium Membership. You can choose an annually based Plus, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers. With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.Check out each plan’s benefits and choose the membership plan that works best for you or your organization.
Limited time offer! - Save 15% on Pro Membership Plan with discount code LRN15
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Nov 23, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Coordinating study in protection of utility supply line, transformer and plant main bus/feeder
The installation of a dedicated substation to serve a plant actually involves an interface between the utility and the plant. Close coordination between utility and plant personnel is essential so… Read more
Nov 21, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Automatic bus transfer scheme in thermal and nuclear power stations
In order to ensure uninterrupted supply to connected loads in thermal and nuclear power stations, two types of automatic supply transfer schemes are normally used: automatic bus transfer scheme and… Read more
Oct 24, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi