Protection
What’s really important to achieve in transmission line protection relaying?
As you already know, the real purpose of transmission line protection is to detect faults or abnormal operating conditions and to initiate corrective action. Protective relays must be able to… Read more
May 21, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
The essential physics behind transformer differential protection (You MUST know)
Transformers are important system components available in many different constructions. The range of HV transformers reaches from small distribution transformers (from 100 kVA) up to large transformers having several hundred… Read more
May 14, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
The story of IEC 61850 – A substation level data acquisition architecture and communication protocol
This technical article reviews substation level data acquisition architecture and communication protocol described in IEC 61850. IEC 61850 is the current international standard for substation automation (SA). The focus of… Read more
May 09, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
What is the Ground Potential Rise in your home and why you should take it seriously
People familiar with electricity frequently accept the idea that “Ground is ground,” i.e., that in a house, especially with a grounding system that complies with the NEC or CEC, all… Read more
Apr 30, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
6 different types of relaying schemes to protect the EHV and UHV transmission lines
A substation can employ many relaying systems to protect the equipment associated with the station. The most important of these are: transmission and distribution lines emanating from the station, step-up… Read more
Apr 18, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Coordination problems in electrical networks that lead to nuisance CB tripping
There are a number of problems that commonly occur in industrial and commercial networks, and some of them are covered in the following paragraphs. Coordination malfunctioning is leading to nuisance… Read more
Apr 11, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Communication Channels As The Weakest Link In The System Protection Chain
Protection engineers have a variety of communication channels to use for relay protection. This is a field in itself, and is very important for a discussion of the protective systems…. Read more
Apr 04, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
Why Ground Fault Protection Matters and Which Scheme For Sensing Ground Faults To Choose
A ground fault normally occurs in one of two ways: by accidental contact of an energized conductor with normally grounded metal, or as a result of an insulation failure of… Read more
Mar 19, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Understanding Substation Single Line Diagrams and IEC 61850 Process Bus (Depicting Relay Circuits)
The single line diagram (SLD) is the most basic of the set of diagrams that are used to document the electrical functionality of the substation. Its emphasis is on communicating… Read more
Mar 14, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Reading and Understanding AC and DC Schematics In Protection And Control Relaying
This technical article explains the AC/DC schematic representation of the protection and control systems used on power networks. This includes AC schematics and DC schematics and diagrams that prominently feature… Read more
Mar 12, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Have you experienced an incorrectly specified CT that can’t be manufactured?
When a CT manufacturer says that he is unable to manufacture the requested CT, nine times out of ten this is because the CT has been incorrectly specified. To eliminate all… Read more
Mar 07, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Achieving Relay Coordination and Selective Short Circuit Protection In Transmission Networks
The selected protection principle affects the operating speed of the protection, which has a significant impact on the harm caused by short circuits. The faster the protection operates, the smaller… Read more
Mar 05, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
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Meet the Real Heart of Power System Operations – The Transmission Control Center
The transmission control centre is the real heart of every utility’s power system operations. Typical transmission control centres have three main desks – the generation, transmission and scheduling desk. Let’s…...
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Feb 23, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Essential considerations on the neutral and protective conductor in LV power system
The neutral conductor is a live conductor that is connected to the neutral point of the system and is able to contribute to the transmission of electric power. The neutral… Read more
Feb 19, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
AC Auxiliary Systems In Power Substations (Design Requirements and Equipment)
Substation AC auxiliary systems are typically used to supply loads such as transformer cooling, oil pumps, and load tap changers, circuit breaker air compressors and charging motors, outdoor device heaters,… Read more
Feb 14, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
