Best practice for using surge protective devices (SPDs) and RCD together
Where the power distribution system incorporates RCDs transient activity could cause RCDs to operate and hence loss of supply. Surge protective devices (SPDs) should wherever possible be installed upstream of… Read more
Oct 07, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
What is grounding and why do we ground the system and equipment?
The term grounding is commonly used in the electrical industry to mean both “equipment grounding” and “system grounding”. Equipment grounding means the connection of earth ground to non-current carrying conductive materials… Read more
Sep 14, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
What a ground fault circuit interrupter does and what it does not do
A ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) monitors the current balance between the ungrounded “hot” conductor and the grounded conductor. As soon as the current flowing through the “hot” conductor is in… Read more
Sep 09, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
4 essential implementations of protective relays in power systems
In this technical article, protective relays are categorized depending on the component which are protect: Generators Transmission lines Transformers, and Loads There are different protection schemes used for protecting generators… Read more
Sep 05, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Breaking of a short circuit current in a direct current system
Direct current presents different problems than alternating current with aregard to the phenomena associated to the breaking of a short circuit current and interruption of other types of high value… Read more
Aug 29, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
What happens when a transformer fire occurs in a substation
If a fire occurs as a result of a failure in a transformer, then the transformer is nearly always a total write off. However, the total cost of a transformer… Read more
Aug 12, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
First, identify ground faults and status of the neutral and then protection…
To identify ground faults in a network and therefore carry out effective protection, it is necessary to know in detail how the neutral is run. Identification of ground faults is made… Read more
Aug 05, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Which type of residual current device (RCD) you should use for protection?
It is not quite clear when and by whom the first residual current device (RCD) was developed, but it certainly appeared on the market in the 1950s and was initially… Read more
Jul 28, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Earthing in DC distribution systems similar to the AC systems
This technical article shows earthing of a specific pole of a two-wire DC distribution systems. The decision whether to earth the positive or the negative pole shall be based upon… Read more
Jul 20, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Commissioning tests of protection relays at site (before set to work)
Installation of protection relays at site creates a number of possibilities for errors in the implementation of the scheme to occur. Even if the scheme has been thoroughly tested in… Read more
Jul 11, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
6 Adjustable Tripping Settings of a Circuit Breaker You MUST Understand
There are (at least) six basic adjustable tripping settings (functions) you really should understand in order to fully understand how circuit breaker actually works. All these adjustable functions actually shape… Read more
Jun 10, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Where Do We Use Arc Suppression Coil (Petersen Coil)?
The arc suppression coil (ASC), also known as Petersen coil, is used to compensate the capacitive earth fault currents supplied by outgoing feeders at a substation. The compensation can be… Read more
Jun 06, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Few Tips For Correct Protection Against Indirect Contact In TT System
An earth fault in a TT system originates the circuit represented in Figure 1. The fault current flows through the secondary winding of the transformer, the line conductor, the fault… Read more
Jun 03, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Shielding and Grounding Practices for Control Cables in EHV Substations
For several years, the increased application of solid-state devices for protective relaying and control and for electronic equipment, such as audio tones, carrier and microwave equipment, event recorders, and supervisory… Read more
May 20, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Differential protection – Proven technique for more than 50 years
The best protection technique now and for more than 50 years is that known as differential protection. Here the electrical quantities entering and leaving the protected zone or area are… Read more
May 02, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi