The essentials of directional overcurrent protection in electrical power grid
Why do we use directional overcurrent protection? When does fault current direction become important? Well, electrical power grid comprises a network of power stations, substations and transmission lines. As well… Read more
Jan 30, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Twelve golden rules for specifying and implementing a good SCADA system
A successful SCADA specification and good installation depend on choosing and utilizing proven and reliable technology, with adequate and comprehensive training of all personnel in the operation of the system. Whilst… Read more
Jan 23, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Four essential ingredients of an electrical power system
Generally speaking, you must agree that electrical power system is a complex project consisting of the four main ingredients. Now, let’s observe each ingridient in details: Electricity supply Transmission Distribution… Read more
Dec 30, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Consider this when planning high voltage switchgear installations
The following three criteria must be considered when planning high voltage switchgear installations: Voltage levels Plant concept and configuration Dimensioning High voltage installations are primarily for power transmission, but they… Read more
Dec 28, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Fundamental overcurrent, distance and differential protection principles
The aim of this technical article is to cover the most important principles of four fundamental relay protections: overcurrent, directional overcurrent, distance and differential for transmission lines, power transformers and busbars…. Read more
Dec 26, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
The basic calculation of transmission line protection
The excessive currents accompanying a fault, are the basis of overcurrent protection schemes. For transmission line protection in interconnected systems, it is necessary to provide the desired selectivity such that… Read more
Dec 16, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Aluminium or copper busbar trunking system? What do you say?
These two materials (aluminium and copper) are both physically and economically viable for use as conductors in power busbar trunking systems (BTS). Some manufacturers of busbar trunking systems offer a… Read more
Oct 17, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
How to locate harmonic currents and where to control them?
On radial utility distribution feeders and industrial plant power systems, the main tendency is for the harmonic currents to flow from the harmonic-producing load to the power system source. This… Read more
Sep 16, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power flow in MV radial network and calculation of voltage drop and loss
In three phase system the load for each phase should be the same. We call symmetrical load when the load of each phase is equal. In symmetrical circuit each phase… Read more
Sep 12, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
4 essential implementations of protective relays in power systems
In this technical article, protective relays are categorized depending on the component which are protect: Generators Transmission lines Transformers, and Loads There are different protection schemes used for protecting generators… Read more
Sep 05, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Why busbar trunking system is a space saving solution worth every penny
As line distribution boards, busbar trunking system (BTS) also belongs to the group of switchgear assemblies documented in IEC 61439 (VDE 0660-600). Apart from the general requirements of IEC 61439-1… Read more
Aug 17, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Five transformer constructions you’re most likely to see inside buildings
There are several different types of transformer constructions you can see installed in substations inside commercial and other buildings. This article is generally applicable only to transformers of the liquid filled, ventilated… Read more
Aug 01, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
What is distribution substation and its main components?
Distribution substation typically operates at 2.4 – 34.5 kV voltage levels, and deliver electric energy directly to industrial and residential consumers. Distribution feeders transport power from the distribution substations to the end… Read more
Jul 22, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
The basics of power in alternating current circuits (you MUST NEVER forget)
In a DC circuit, the power is equal to the voltage times the current, or P=V×I. This is also true in an AC circuit when the alternating current and voltage… Read more
Jul 08, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Distribution Network Explained To Electrical Engineers (Beginners)
In the UK, voltages of 132 kV, 110 kV, 66 kV, 33 kV and 11 kV are typically used to provide primary distribution, with a 380–415 V three-phase and neutral… Read more
Jun 28, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi