Transmission and Distribution
The basics of primary distribution circuits (substation branches, feeders…)
Distribution circuits come in many different configurations and circuit lengths. Most share many common characteristics. Figure 1 shows a typical distribution circuit, and Table 1 shows typical parameters of a distribution circuit. A feeder is one of the circuits out… Read more
Aug 28, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Differential protection – Proven technique for more than 50 years
The best protection technique now and for more than 50 years is that known as differential protection. Here the electrical quantities entering and leaving the protected zone or area are compared by current transformers (CTs). If the net between all… Read more
May 02, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
10 questions to test your electrician skills
These are not-so-easy, but also not-too-hard questions for you to try to answer and test your electrician skills. Whether you are a novice in a field of electrical engineering or a professional electrician, these questions will move your brain cells… Read more
Jan 25, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
9 basic rules for dimensioning of electric circuits
Basically, the dimensioning process itself is easy to understand and can be performed using simple means. Its complexity lies in the procurement of the technical data on products and systems, which can be found in various technical standards and regulations… Read more
Oct 16, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Which type of residual current device (RCD) to use and when?
We know how (very) important the total earth loop impedance Zs is in the reduction of shock risk. However, in TT systems where the mass of earth is part of the fault path, the maximum values of Zs given in… Read more
Apr 09, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Substation Switching Schemes
This technical article is intended to provide description and comparison of single line options for a DESN substation. The goal is to provide an analytical comparison for all options so that one can select the optimum solution considering cost, reliability,… Read more
Jun 26, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
Bus Switching Configurations In Air Insulated Substations (AIS)
Various factors affect the reliability of a substation, one of which is the arrangement of the switching devices. Arrangement of the switching devices will impact maintenance, protection, initial substation development, and cost. There are six types of substation bus switching… Read more
May 05, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Using AC and DC together in electrical system?
There are a number of issues to using AC and DC together in the same electrical system. Briefly, they are: circuit boxes and hardware, outlets, wiring schemes and sizes, and switches. The Electrical Code prohibits AC and DC in the same box. You’ll need two… Read more
May 05, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electronics
Capacitor Types
In the market, there are several types of capacitors that have been manufactured. Although all capacitors work essentially the same way, key differences in the construction of different capacitor types makes an enormous difference in their properties. Each capacitor type… Read more
Dec 13, 2011 | By elaina
Electronics
ESD – Electro Static Discharge
An increasing problem today with the use of more and more electronic equipment in our systems is the Electro Static Discharge (ESD). The main source of the problem is the wrong handling of electronic components, printed circuit boards, etc. A… Read more
May 23, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
What is the cost of electricity?
Electrification in the early 20th century dramatically improved productivity and increased the well-being of the industrialized world. No longer a luxury – now a necessity – electricity powers the machinery, the computers, the health-care systems, and the entertainment of modern… Read more
Nov 02, 2010 | By Edvard Csanyi
