Transmission and Distribution
9 typical issues addressed in a T&D network planning project
Transmission and distribution network planning projects are highly individual, because in each case the special conditions of the supply area, load demand and geographic distribution, technical standards and requirements, current status of the existing system, etc., have to be considered…. Read more
May 02, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Transmission and Distribution
5 technologies to boost efficiency in the T&D system
One example of efficiency measures aimed primarily at the utilities that operate the T&D system is an initiative underway at the US Department of Energy to implement new efficiency standards for distribution transformers. These are the grey cylinders you see… Read more
Apr 18, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Conceptual Model of Smart Grid Framework by IEC
From a communication point of view, each system plays the role of either supplier or consumer of information, or more typically both. In addition to this intersystem communication, these systems consist of subsystems with specific internal communications. The following paragraphs… Read more
Feb 03, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Smart Grids and The New Age of Energy
Network planning Power electronics (HVDC/FACTS) Bulk renewable integration Energy Management System (EMS) Smart substation automation and protection Integrated Substation Condition Monitoring (ISCM) Communication Solutions Distribution Management System (DMS) Distribution automation and protection Distributed Energy Resources (DER) Decentralized Energy Management System… Read more
Apr 24, 2013 | By Emmanouil Angeladas
Energy and Power
The Basics of Switching Devices In Medium Voltage Switchgear (Part 1)
According to international rules, there are only two voltage levels: Low voltage: up to and including 1kV AC (or 1,500V DC) and High voltage: above 1kV AC (or 1,500V DC). Most electrical appliances used in household, commercial and industrial applications work with low… Read more
Feb 11, 2013 | By Emmanouil Angeladas
High Voltage
High voltage substations overview (part 1)
High voltage substations are interconnection points within the power transmission and distribution systems between regions and countries. Different applications of substations lead to HV substations with and without power transformers: Step up from a generator voltage level to a high voltage… Read more
Jan 25, 2013 | By Emmanouil Angeladas
Cables
Differences Between Earthed and Unearthed Cables
In HT electrical distribution, the system can be earthed or unearthed. The selection of unearthed or earthed cable depends on distribution system. If such system is earthed, then we have to use cable which is manufactured for earthed system. (which… Read more
Jan 21, 2013 | By Jignesh Parmar
Industrial Automation
SCADA As The Heart Of a Distribution Management System
At a high level, the elements of a distribution automation system can be divided into three main areas: SCADA application and server(s) DMS applications and server(s) Trouble management applications and server(s) As was stated in the title, the Supervisory Control… Read more
Dec 25, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Arrangements of LV Utility Distribution Networks
In European countries the standard 3-phase 4-wire distribution voltage level is 230/400 V. Many countries are currently converting their LV systems to the latest IEC standard of 230/400 V nominal (IEC 60038). Medium to large-sized towns and cities have underground… Read more
Nov 30, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
An Overview Of Smart Power Grid
The present electric grids use the technology of 1970’s. But with the advancement in various concepts of power generation, problems associated with power outages and thefts, and also due to increase in demand, we require a modernized grid to avail… Read more
Aug 20, 2012 | By vinod ramireddy
High Voltage
Primary Distribution Voltage Levels
Most distribution voltages are between 4 and 35 kV. In this article, unless otherwise specified, voltages are given as line-to-line voltages; this follows normal industry practice, but it is sometimes a source of confusion. The four major voltage classes are… Read more
Aug 10, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
The Structure Of Power System
An interconnected power system is a complex enterprise that may be subdivided into the following major subsystems: Generation Subsystem Transmission and Subtransmission Subsystem Distribution Subsystem Utilization Subsystem Generation subsystem includes generators and transformers. An essential component of power systems is… Read more
Aug 09, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Autoreclosing in Transmission and Distribution Systems
Two main functions of Utility Electric System Operations department are Control and Protection. Control function deals with all operational aspects involved in efficient and optimal dispatching of available real power (with reactive power support) from the Generating units (and reactive… Read more
Jul 15, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Transmission and Distribution
Sag and tension of transmission and distribution lines
The energized conductors of transmission and distribution lines must be placed to totally eliminate the possibility of injury to people. Overhead conductors, however, elongate with time, temperature, and tension, thereby changing their original positions after installation. Despite the effects of… Read more
Jun 17, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Substation Main Functions and Classification
An electrical substation is an assemblage of electrical components including busbars, switchgear, power transformers, auxiliaries etc. These components are connected in a definite sequence such that a ckt. can be switched off during normal operation by manual command and also… Read more
Mar 29, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
