Abstract India is the world’s fourth largest economy and has a fast growing energy market. India’s current power capacity is 30% short of demand. Coal and petroleum are the primary sources of energy. High ash content in Indian coal and inefficient combustion technologies contribute to India’s emission of air particulate matter and other trace gases, …
Voltage Instrument Transformer (VT) – Introduction
Instrument transformers are primarily used to provide isolation between the main primary circuit and the secondary control and measuring devices. This isolation is achieved by magnetically coupling the two circuits. In addition to isolation, levels in magnitude are reduced to safer levels. Instrument transformers are divided in to two categories: voltage transformers (VT) and current …
Fossil fuels are almost gone… Solar Energy? Hell Yes!!
Infinite energy resource Solar energy is not a finite resource as fossil fuels are. While the sun is up there it constantly produces all the energy we can use. Reduced maintenance costs While not maintenance free, what technology really is? Once solar panels, wind or water power facilities are in place, no fuel or lubricants …
Protection and Relays Used In Main Circuit Board at a Power Grid Substation
1. High speed biased differential relay The DMH type relay provides high speed biased differential protection for two or three winding transformers. The relay is immune to high inrush current and has a high degree of stability against through faults. It requires a max of two cycles operating time for current above twice relay rated …
220V DC System at Thermal Power Station
The 220V DC system supplies direct current as source of operating power for control, signaling, relays, tripping and closing of switchgears, emergency motors of most important auxiliary systems. Under normal conditions of station generation, the storage battery units are kept floating in DC bus bars by means of the trickle chargers (also known as float …
Solar energy is free, but what does it really cost?
“Solar energy is free, but it’s not cheap” best sums up the major hurdle for the solar industry. There are no technical obstacles per se to developing solar energy systems, even at the utility megaWatt level (e.g., 14 MW utility scale PV system at Nellis AFB or a 64-MW CSP system in Nevada); however, at …
Protection Of Generators And Transformers
As Generators and transformers are major components of a power system, so it is quite necessary to take all the preventive measures for the protection of transformers and generators. These are the following ways (ANSI codes) we use to protect transformers and generators from faults: 87/G1 Generator differential protection (87/G1): the protection is provided with …
Types of neutral earthing in power distribution (part 2)
Continued from Types of neutral earthing in power distribution (part 1) 3. Resistance earthed systems Resistance grounding has been used in three-phase industrial applications for many years and it resolves many of the problems associated with solidly grounded and ungrounded systems. Resistance Grounding Systems limits the phase-to-ground fault currents. Grounding Resistors are generally connected between …
Discussing About LV And HV Electrical Cables
Space is really a critical criterion when discussing electrical cables and wires. In a low-voltage (LV) plastic-sheathed cable with conductor cross-sections of up to 10 mm2 per conductor or in high-voltage (HV) cables (Figure 2), the lion’s share of the cross-sectional area is occupied by the insulating material. If aluminium rather than copper is used …
Types of neutral earthing in power distribution (part 1)
Introduction In the early power systems were mainly Neutral ungrounded due to the fact that the first ground fault did not require the tripping of the system. An unscheduled shutdown on the first ground fault was particularly undesirable for continuous process industries. These power systems required ground detection systems, but locating the fault often proved …
