In our home we use lot of electrical equipment like TV, Freeze, Washing machine, Mp3 player, music system, computer laptop. But we have not adequate knowledge for how to use this electrical equipment in proper way. Due to this ignorance we are paying more electricity bill which we are not actually use. According to the …
Capacitor protection by surge arresters – ABB
Generally speaking, capacitor protection by surge arresters has been a difficult task before ZnO arresters became available. The high discharge currents and possible energies associated with an arrester operation at a capacitor bank heavily stressed the spark gaps in a SiC gapped arrester. The possible high energies could also result in overstressed SiC blocks. Once …
Autotransformers in few words
It is possible to obtain transformer action by means of a single coil, provided that there is a “tap connection” somewhere along the winding. Transformers having only one winding are called autotransformers, shown schematically in figure 1. An autotransformer has the usual magnetic core but only one winding, which is common to both the primary …
How Stuxnet (PLC virus) spreads – Part 4
Continued from How Stuxnet (PLC virus) spreads – Part 3 » Read here Propagation to other Perimeter Network Computers Once the worm has a foothold in the Perimeter Network, it would attempt to infect any print servers and file servers it could discover. Next, the worm would identify the WinCC software installed on the Web …
Budgeting and Financing Substation
The construction of new substations and the expansion of existing facilities are commonplace projects in electric utilities. However, due to the complexity, very few utility employees are familiar with the complete process that allows these projects to be successfully completed. This article will attempt to highlight the major issues associated with these capital-intensive construction projects, …
Applications and forms of differential relays
Differential relays take a variety of forms, depending on the equipment they protect. The definition of such a relay is “one that operates when the vector difference of two or more similar electrical quantities exceeds a predetermined amount. It will be seen later that almost any type of relay, when connected in a certain way, …
New download – Geothermal Electricity Basics
Geothermal electricity is electricity generated from geothermal energy. Technologies in use include dry steam power plants, flash steam power plants and binary cycle power plants. Geothermal electricity generation is currently used in 24 countries while geothermal heating is in use in 70 countries. Estimates of the electricity generating potential of geothermal energy vary from 35 …
Whole-House Protection Strategy
No single SPD (Surge Protection Strategy) can protect all the equipment in a residence from all causes of electrical surges. Instead, a whole-house protection strategy, consisting of point-of-entry and point-of-use SPDs, is necessary to help guard against disturbances from inside and outside the home. A point-of-entry SPD is necessary to limit damage from electrical surges …
Resistors in detail
Resistors are one of the simplest varieties of electronic components. A resistor is a two-terminal device that has a fixed relationship between the current passing through the device and the voltage drop across the device. This relationship is described in Ohm’s law, which states that “the strength of a direct current is directly proportional to …
Arrangement of hydropower plants
Hydropower machine is the designation used for a machine that directly convert the hydraulic power in a water fall to mechanical power on the machine shaft. This power conversion involves losses that arise partly in the machine itself and partly in the water conduits to and from the machine. The discharge operating a water turbine, …
