Lighting
Illuminance recommendations
Recommended minimum illuminances (E) for typical interior lighting tasks. The illuminances are aimed at a lighting level appropriate to the specific visual tasks to be performed in the space or in a part of the space. They do not include… Read more
Sep 10, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
What Is a Load Break Switch?
A load break switch is a disconnect switch that has been designed to provide making or breaking of specified currents. This is accomplished by addition of equipment that increases the operating speed of the disconnect switch blade and the addition… Read more
Sep 08, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Oil-Filled Equipment in Substation – IEEE 980-1994 (R2001)
A number of electrical apparatus installed in substations are filled with oil that provides the necessary insulation characteristics and assures their required performance. Electrical faults in this power equipment can produce arcing and excessive temperatures that may vaporize insulating oil,… Read more
Sep 07, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
AIS – Air insulated substations
In large, modern AC power systems, the transmission and distribution systems function to deliver bulk power from generating sources to users at the load centers. Transmission systems generally include generation switchyards, interconnecting transmission lines, autotransformers, switching stations, and step-down transformers…. Read more
Sep 06, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Animal deterrents and security in substation
The vast majority of electrical utility substations designed to transform transmission voltages to distribution class voltages employ an open-air design. The configurations may vary, but usually consist of equipment that utilizes polymer or porcelain insulators or bushings to create electrically… Read more
Sep 05, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Ohm’s Law – The Resistance
It is intuitive that voltage and current would be somehow related. For example, if the potential difference between two ends of a wire is increased, we would expect a greater current to flow, just like the flow rate of gas… Read more
Sep 02, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
