Protection
Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC)
Use of PLCC in modern electrical power system is mainly for telemetry and telecontrol. Tele means remote. Telemetry refers to science of measurement from remote location. Introduction Major goal/Application of PLCC Main Components of PLCC: Coupling Capacitor Line trap Unit… Read more
Dec 14, 2012 | By Asif Eqbal
Energy and Power
Rogowski Coil Construction
Figure 1 shows the construction of a Rogowski coil, an air-core current transformer that is especially well suited to measuring ripple currents in the presence of a DC component or measuring pulsed currents. The raw output is proportional to the… Read more
Dec 13, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
21 Safety Rules for Working with Electrical Equipment
A safe work environment is not always enough to control all potential electrical hazards. You must be very cautious and work safely. Safety rules help you control your and others risk of injury or death from workplace hazards. The good… Read more
Dec 12, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
The Role of Fuse in Low Voltage Systems
A fuse is the very important protective device used to automatically disconnect a live circuit when a predetermined value of current & or time of predetermined current is exceeded. To simplify, fuse is actually the wire designed to melt, and thereby… Read more
Dec 11, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Transmission and Distribution
How Distribution Systems Control Customer Loads?
Distribution systems obviously exist to supply electricity to end users, so loads and their characteristics are important. Utilities supply a broad range of loads, from rural areas with load densities of 10 kVA/mi2 to urban areas with 300 MVA/mi2. A… Read more
Dec 10, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Methods of Controlling Lightning Overvoltages in HV
For well shielded transmission lines, the backflashover condition, close to the substation, is of prime concern for determining the location and number of surge arresters required to achieve insulation coordination of the substation for lightning surges. The risk of a… Read more
Dec 08, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Lighting
Lighting Circuits Connections for Interior Electrical Installations
Electrical lines which include lighting circuits begin from the main distribution panel of the installation and each line contains three conductors: phase, neutral and ground. All three conductors reach to the terminal point of each luminaire and if it has… Read more
Dec 07, 2012 | By Emmanouil Angeladas
Industrial Automation
Basic Mechanical Terms Used In Drives Applications
Terms below are the basic mechanical terms associated with the mechanics of DC drive operation. Many of these terms are familiar to us in some other context. Force Net Force Torque Speed Linear Speed Angular (Rotational) Speed Acceleration Law of… Read more
Dec 06, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Transformers
How Power Transformer Produces Acoustical Noise?
This technical article explains the acoustic noise generating mechanism inside power transformers. Transformer noise has two sources: winding vibrations and core vibrations. The single most effective way to reduce windings noise is by having a good quality controlled winding process when… Read more
Dec 05, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Classes, Speed Control and Starting of DC motors
D.C. motors are divided into three classes, as follows: series-wound motor, shunt-wound motor and compound-wound motor. Let’s take a word about each of motor class. In this type (Figure 1) the field is in series with the armature. This type… Read more
Dec 04, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
What Is The Basic Insulation Level (BIL)
Insulation levels are designed to withstand surge voltages, rather than only normal operating voltages. Since the transmission & distribution lines and substation equipment are protected by surge arresters draining the surges rapidly before the insulation is damaged, the arrester must… Read more
Dec 03, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Arrangements of LV Utility Distribution Networks (2)
Continued from the previous part: Arrangements of LV Utility Distribution Networks (1) In the past, an underground cable service or the wall-mounted insulated conductors from an overhead line service, invariably terminated inside the consumer’s premises, where the cable-end sealing box, the utility… Read more
Dec 01, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Arrangements of LV Utility Distribution Networks
In European countries the standard 3-phase 4-wire distribution voltage level is 230/400 V. Many countries are currently converting their LV systems to the latest IEC standard of 230/400 V nominal (IEC 60038). Medium to large-sized towns and cities have underground… Read more
Nov 30, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
The Purpose Of Transformer Gas Relay
The transformer gas relay is a protective device installed on the top of oil-filled transformers. It performs two functions. It detects the slow accumulation of gases, providing an alarm after a given amount of gas has been collected. Also, it… Read more
Nov 29, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
How to Predict Life Span of the Switchgear?
The life span of switchgear basically depends on the size of the load and the number of switching cycles. Instead of a time span, with electromechanical switchgear reference is usually made to the number of operations, as the ageing mainly… Read more
Nov 28, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
