High Voltage
Erection procedure for HV switchgear (Part 1)
Before commencing erection of HV switchgear check that all connections are tight on busbars and on main circuits as well as auxiliary circuits. Examine the insulation very carefully, because there… Read more
Apr 29, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Why Lamp Flickers Sometimes
Voltage regulation has been one of the most important problems of the electric industry since its inception. The sizes of many parts of a power system are determined largely by this… Read more
Apr 27, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Overvoltages Caused by Lightning
Overvoltages of atmospheric origin arise from uncontrollable sources and their severity for the load depends on many parameters that are determined according to where the lightning strikes and the structure… Read more
Apr 26, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Smart Grids and The New Age of Energy
Network planning Power electronics (HVDC/FACTS) Bulk renewable integration Energy Management System (EMS) Smart substation automation and protection Integrated Substation Condition Monitoring (ISCM) Communication Solutions Distribution Management System (DMS) Distribution automation… Read more
Apr 24, 2013 | By Emmanouil Angeladas
SCADA
3 generations of SCADA system architectures you should know about
SCADA systems have evolved in parallel with the growth and sophistication of modern computing technology. The following sections will provide a description of the following three generations of SCADA systems: First Generation… Read more
Apr 22, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Conductor Types Used For Overhead Lines
The international standards covering most conductor types for overhead lines are IEC 61089 (which supersedes IEC 207, 208, 209 and 210) and EN 50182 and 50183 (see Table 1). For… Read more
Apr 20, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Using AC switchgear in DC applications
Switchgear designed for alternating current can carry at least the same rated continuous operational DC current. With direct current the skin effect in the circuits disappears and none of the… Read more
Apr 19, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Lighting
Visual Tasks of Typical Living Room Lighting
Most living rooms require flexible lighting design solutions because they serve a broad variety of changing functions. The lighting in a typical living room should comfortably serve small group conversation,… Read more
Apr 17, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
What happened to forgotten papers of Nikola Tesla?
After Nikola Tesla died, there was a scramble by the United States government to find all of his papers, notes and research before other foreign powers could find them. Tesla’s… Read more
Apr 15, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Why we find wind energy delivery factor important?
The key economic performance measure of a power plant is the electrical energy it delivers over the year. Not all power produced is delivered to the paying customers. A fraction… Read more
Apr 13, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Grounding systems and their 3-letter classification
Low voltage systems supplying to consumer premises are predominantly solidly grounded. Protective ground connection to consumer premises (or extending the supply system ground to consumer premises) is however done in different… Read more
Apr 12, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
An overview of GFCI – Ground-fault circuit interrupter
The NEC requires that Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) be installed in many different rooms and locations in both public and private buildings. They are now required in bathrooms, kitchens, appliance… Read more
Apr 10, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
SCADA
Responding to Cyber Intrusion in SCADA System
Continued from technical article: Detecting Cyber Intrusion in SCADA System The “three R’s” of the response to cyber intrusion are: Recording, Reporting, and Restoring. Theoretically, it would be desirable to… Read more
Apr 08, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Detecting Cyber Intrusion in SCADA System
One of the axioms of cyber security is that although it is extremely important to try to prevent intrusions into one’s systems and databases, it is essential that intrusions be… Read more
Apr 06, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
How to Determine Correct Number of Earthing Electrodes (Strips, Plates and Pipes) – part 1
Number of Earthing Electrode and Earthing Resistance depends on the resistivity of soil and time for fault current to pass through (1 sec or 3 sec). If we divide the… Read more
Apr 05, 2013 | By jiguparmar
