Industrial Automation
Goals and Benefits of the IEC 61131 Standard (PLCs – Programmable Logic Controllers)
The five parts of the standard IEC 61131 summarise the requirements of modern PLC systems. These requirements concern the PLC hardware and the programming system. The standard includes both the common concepts already in use in PLC programming and additional… Read more
Aug 30, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (2)
Continued from first part: Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (Part 1) For Sinusoidal Current: Form Factor = RMS Value/Average Value = 1.11 For Sinusoidal Current: Peak Factor = Max Value/RMS Value = 1.414 Average Value of Sinusoidal Current (Iav)… Read more
Aug 28, 2013 | By Jignesh Parmar
Testing and Commissioning
Identifying The Primary And Secondary Phasor Polarities Of Transformer – Polarity Test
This is needed for identifying the primary and secondary phasor polarities. It is a must for poly phase connections. Both a.c. and d.c methods can be used for detecting the polarities of the induced emfs. The transformer is connected to… Read more
Aug 26, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Hey Tesla, get married, be happy and sleep o’nights! – AMERICAN ELECTRICIAN, July 1, 1896
This articles appeared at AMERICAN ELECTRICIAN on July 1, 1896 by journalist Edward J. Wessels. Our sprightly contemporary, the Electrical Journal, takes issue with Mr. Nikola Tesla as to the undesirability of marriage for inventors, and after disproving his statement that few great… Read more
Aug 24, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (1)
This technical article deals with the electrical thumb rules related to cable capacity, current capacity of equipment, earthing resistance, minimum bending radius of a cable, insulation resistance, transformer and lightning arrestor parameters, diesel generator, and current transformer (CT). Cable Capacity… Read more
Aug 23, 2013 | By Jignesh Parmar
Electric Motor
Drive Design in Electric Vehicles
Good Evening all, in this session I’m going to present some of the issues in drive design in the field of Electric Vehicle. I’ve organized the whole series into modules so that each module can be covered with: Drive Design… Read more
Aug 21, 2013 | By Vishy
Power Substation
Total Losses in Power Distribution and Transmission Lines
This technical article discusses two types of transmission and distribution losses, technical losses and non-technical losses (or commercial losses). Power generated in power stations pass through large and complex networks like transformers, overhead lines, cables and other equipment and reaches… Read more
Aug 19, 2013 | By Jignesh Parmar
Energy and Power
Tesla’s Big Tower To Be Sold For Debt, BROOKLYN DAILY TIMES, June 12, 1907
This article was originally posted in The Brooklyn Daily Times on June 12, 1907. The tower of Wonders at Wardercliffe, where Nikola Tesla, the inventor, preserved SUCH MYSTERY and where it was whispered scientific experiments were to be carried on greater… Read more
Aug 17, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
National Fire Alarm Code Defined By NFPA 72
NFPA 72 is the National Fire Alarm Code. The importance of installing smoke and fire alarms in homes is supported by results from exhaustive investigations of home fires indicating that measurable quantities of smoke come before detectable quantities of heat…. Read more
Aug 16, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
IEC Standards
An Overview of IEC 60076-10 – Determination Of Sound Levels Of Power Transformers
The audible sound radiated by transformers is generated by a combination of magnetostrictive deformation of the core and electromagnetic forces in the windings, tank walls and magnetic shields. Historically, the sound generated by the magnetic field inducing longitudinal vibrations in the… Read more
Aug 14, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
HVAC
Jet pumps used for private well systems or low flow irrigation applications
Jet Pumps are mounted above ground and lift the water out of the ground through a suction pipe. Jets are popular in areas with high water tables and warmer climates. There are two categories of jet pumps and pump selection… Read more
Aug 12, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
7 Most Common Motor Enclosure Types Defined By NEMA Standards
The enclosure of the motor must protect the windings, bearings, and other mechanical parts from moisture, chemicals, mechanical damage and abrasion from grit. NEMA standards MG1-1.25 through 1.27 define more than 20 types of enclosures under the categories of open… Read more
Aug 09, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Motor Service Factor (SF) Defined By NEMA
Motor Service Factor (SF) is the percentage of overloading the motor can handle for short periods when operating normally within the correct voltage tolerances. This is practical as it gives you some ‘fudge’ in estimating horsepower needs and actual running… Read more
Aug 07, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Where do the strongest electric and magnetic fields come from in a power substation?
Electric substations produce electric and magnetic fields. In a substation, the strongest fields around the perimeter fence come from the transmission and distribution lines entering and leaving the substation. The strength of fields from equipment inside the fence decreases rapidly… Read more
Aug 05, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
NEMA Definition Of Motor Full Load Nominal Efficency (Standard MG1-12.54.2)
Efficiency is defined as the ratio of the power output divided by the power input. Machine losses are in the form of heat, and include: Stator winding loss, Rotor loss, Core loss (hysteresis and eddy current), Friction and windage, and… Read more
Aug 02, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
