Energy and Power
What affects the operating temperature within LV switchgear
BS EN 60439 states a maximum indoor ambient temperature of 40ºC, a maximum daily average of 35ºC and a minimum ambient of -5ºC. As a general guidance rule, the temperature within the low voltage switchgear should not exceed 50/55ºC. If… Read more
Apr 30, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Industrial Automation
Purpose and Working Principle of Inductive Sensors
Inductive sensors use currents induced by magnetic fields to detect nearby metal objects. The inductive sensor uses a coil (an inductor) to generate a high frequency magnetic field as shown in Figure 1 below. If there is a metal object… Read more
Apr 28, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
An example of calculating the technical losses of T&D lines
There are two types of losses in transmission and distribution line. Technical Losses and Commercial Losses. It’s necessary to calculate technical and commercial losses. Normally technical losses and commercial losses are calculated separately. Technical losses of the distribution line mostly… Read more
Apr 25, 2014 | By Jignesh Parmar
Transmission and Distribution
How Best to Spend $450 Billion on Power Grid
Today’s power grid is suffering from a backlog in capital investment. While electrical power demand surged over recent years, electrical industry restructuring left utilities in a state of suspended animation. It is unclear who is responsible to make sure power… Read more
Apr 23, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Wind Power
Offshore Floating Wind Turbines to Reap Green Electricity
In present day world, wind power has become one of the rapidly growing energy resources and have even become challenging to the other conventional resources and now have become more quieter and efficient too. A revolutionary change in the wind… Read more
Apr 21, 2014 | By sajna soman
Transmission and Distribution
5 technologies to boost efficiency in the T&D system
One example of efficiency measures aimed primarily at the utilities that operate the T&D system is an initiative underway at the US Department of Energy to implement new efficiency standards for distribution transformers. These are the grey cylinders you see… Read more
Apr 18, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Transmission and Distribution
3 awesome HVDC projects in Australia you should know about
Modern HVDC systems combines the good experience of the old installations with recently developed technologies and materials. The result is a very competitive, flexible and efficient way of transmitting electrical energy with a very low environmental impact. It is important… Read more
Apr 16, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Renewable Energy
Overcoming barriers to renewable energy deployment
Despite some gains in recent years, renewable energy sources make only a modest contribution to the provision of modern energy services worldwide. Why is it so? The principal constraints to their growth are their costs and their unrewarded environmental characteristics… Read more
Apr 14, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
8 steps to begin basic circuit design
What do we need to know? Clearly, plunging into calculations of cable size is of little value unless the type of cable and its method of installation is known. This, in turn, will depend on the installation’s environment. At the… Read more
Apr 11, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Which type of residual current device (RCD) to use and when?
We know how (very) important the total earth loop impedance Zs is in the reduction of shock risk. However, in TT systems where the mass of earth is part of the fault path, the maximum values of Zs given in… Read more
Apr 09, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Erection of earthing arrangements (TNC, TN-S, TNC-S, TT)
The earthing arrangements (TNC, TN-S, TNC-S, TT) of low voltage networks is largely determined by the Low Voltage Supplies. However, if the incoming supplies are at 11kV and the transformers are in the ownership of the user, the LV supplies… Read more
Apr 07, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Testing and Commissioning
Inspection and Test procedures for Instrument Transformers
Visual and Mechanical Inspection Electrical Tests: Electrical Tests – Current Transformers Electrical Tests – Voltage Transformers Electrical Tests – Coupling-Capacitor Voltage Transformers Electrical Tests – High-Accuracy Instrument Transformers (Reserved) Test Values: Test Values: Visual and Mechanical Test Values: Current Transformers… Read more
Apr 04, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Electromagnetic stresses on a busbar system and methods of reducing
When a conductor carries a current it creates a magnetic field which interacts with any other magnetic field present to produce a force. When the currents flowing in two adjacent conductors are in the same direction the force is one… Read more
Apr 02, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
