Energy and Power
6 steps to establish electrically safe work condition
Equipment that has been deenergized and verified as such is said to be in an electrically safe work condition. Article 120.1 of NFPA 70E outlines six steps that must be followed to insure that employees are working in an electrically… Read more
Oct 31, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Protection of A.C. Electrified Railways
Many regional, urban and high-speed inter-urban rail networks worldwide are electrified, to provide the motive power for trains (Figure 1). The electrification system serves as the contact interface for current collection by each train, and in A.C. electrified railways as… Read more
Oct 30, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Industrial Automation
Hardware Implementation of Substation Control and Automation
To form a substation control system, the various elements described above must be assembled into some form of topology. Three major hardware topologies can be identified as being commonly used. Let’s get into details of each of hardware topologies: HMI based Topology RTU… Read more
Oct 28, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Troubleshooting An Open Circuit Faults in the Control Circuit
– The machine does not start when the start button is pressed. At this point the problem could be mechanical or electrical. We will focus on just the electrical circuit faults for now. This fault could be located in either… Read more
Oct 26, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Balancing of single-phase loads to achieve energy efficiency
All single-phase loads, especially those with non-linear characteristics, in an electrical installation with a three-phase supply should be evenly and reasonably distributed among the phases. Such provisions are required to be demonstrated in the design for all three-phase 4-wire circuits… Read more
Oct 24, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Eight Most Common Schemes To Supply MV Switchboard
Medium voltage networks are made up of switchboards and the connections feeding them. Let’s take a look at the eight different supply modes of these medium voltage switchboards. We’ll start with the main power supply solutions of an MV switchboard, regardless… Read more
Oct 23, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
Basic measuring devices explained through cute simple schemes
In this technical article, you should gain a basic understanding of the desirable properties of practical devices for the measurement of electrical parameters. The measurements most often of interest are those of current, voltage, power, and resistance. In analogy with… Read more
Oct 21, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Phases and wires in distribution of AC power
AC power transmission is always at high voltage and mostly by 3-phase system. The use of single-phase system is limited to single-phase electric railways. Single-phase power transmission is used only for short distances and for relatively low voltages. By the… Read more
Oct 19, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
4 Things Soil Resistivity Depends On
Though the ground itself being a very large body can act as an infinite sink for currents flowing into it and can be considered to be having very low resistance to current flow, the resistance of soil layers immediately adjacent to the… Read more
Oct 17, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
9 basic rules for dimensioning of electric circuits
Basically, the dimensioning process itself is easy to understand and can be performed using simple means. Its complexity lies in the procurement of the technical data on products and systems, which can be found in various technical standards and regulations… Read more
Oct 16, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
7 Methods To Avoid Insulator Flashovers
Contamination caused insulator flashovers produce frequent outages in severely contaminated areas. Lines closer to the ocean are in more danger of becoming contaminated. Several countermeasures have been proposed to improve insulator performance. The most frequently used methods are: Increasing leakage… Read more
Oct 14, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Testing Challenges in Large Ground Systems
Large ground systems, such as those found in substations and power stations, are an important part of the protection of the electricity supply network. They ensure that fault current will enable protective devices to operate correctly. A substation must have… Read more
Oct 12, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
10 Important Definitions Applied To Low Voltage Fuses
The simplest of all overcurrent protective devices are fuses. A fuse is an overcurrent protective device with a circuit-opening fusible part that is heated and severed by the passage of the overcurrent through it. Let’s talk about ten important definitions that are… Read more
Oct 10, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
6 Voltages a Person Can Be Exposed To In a Substation
Figures 1 and 2 show the voltages a person can be exposed to in a substation. There are many definitions related to these voltages, but the following six are the most important. These definitions are: Ground potential rise (GPR) Mesh… Read more
Oct 09, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
The Basics Of Distribution Substations For Electrical Engineers (Beginners)
Distribution substations serve a wide range of private and public customers in distributing electric power. They can be shareholder, cooperatively, privately, and government owned. All substations contain power transformers and the voltage-regulating apparatus required for converting the high incoming sub-transmission… Read more
Oct 07, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
