Example of 33/11 kV substation on-site assessment report

This technical article presents the shorten version of the report of an on-site assessment at the 33/11 kV Shatt Al Arab substation built in Iraq back in 2005. The assessment… Read more

Jul 17, 2019 | Edvard

Critical aspects of a distance non-unit relay protection (you should understand)

Non-unit protection consists of circuits that measure and compare the voltages and currents at the relaying point. It is able to determine the location of the fault from these values…. Read more

Jul 15, 2019 | Edvard

Issues with distributed generation protection (bulk power and distributed generators)

Besides a number of benefits, there are some technical problems with relay protection of distributed generators. It turned out to be one of the most problematical technical issues since its… Read more

Jul 10, 2019 | Edvard

Practical tips for installing surge protection devices in low voltage panel

In an electrical systems, surge protection devices (SPDs) are usually installed in tap-off configuration (in parallel) between the live conductors and the earth. The operating principle of SPD can be… Read more

Jul 08, 2019 | Edvard

How harmonic filters prevent distortions in networks with high harmonic levels

The subject of this technical article are harmonic filters and their design. Filtering measures are recommended and may be required for electrical systems with too high harmonic levels. Filter circuits… Read more

Jul 03, 2019 | Edvard

Differential protection of a transmission line with digital communication via pilot wires

Wire connections have a limited transmission bandwidth (3.4 kHz in the case of telephone twisted pairs). In the past they were used for differential protection with analog (50 Hz) measured… Read more

Jun 26, 2019 | Edvard

MV/LV transformers – The most common power supply in low voltage networks

The general term power supply in LV networks refers to the supply of electrical energy. The power supply, and more generally the different supplies, are provided by sources (mains supply,… Read more

Jun 24, 2019 | Edvard

Fuses as the oldest and simplest method of protecting rural distribution systems

Fuses are the oldest and simplest methods of protecting rural networks. There is no method as simple as fuses, but don’t be tricked, modern fuses are very reliable devices. All… Read more

Jun 19, 2019 | Edvard

Using earth & phase directional protection where power flow direction might change

Directional protection relay is often used in all network parts in which the direction of flow of power might change, notably in the instance of a short circuit between phases… Read more

Jun 17, 2019 | Edvard

Typical electrical distribution scheme and SCADA system of an oil/gas production plant

Power can be provided from mains power or from local gas turbines or diesel generator sets. Large facilities have high power demands, from 30 MW and upwards to several hundred… Read more

Jun 12, 2019 | Edvard