Protection coordination practices in distribution systems with distributed generation

Generally, in most of the countries that cover large area, there are three types of distribution systems: urban, suburban, and rural. Each type of them has its own features regarding… Read more

Jul 08, 2020 | Edvard

How to shrink three-phase AC high voltage substation and optimize cost and space

Nowadays, when every cent is essential when building a substation, it is imperative to optimize each HV equipment without compromising functionality. This technical article deals with a few solutions to… Read more

Jul 06, 2020 | Edvard

Principles and schemes of busbar and breaker protection in MV/HV/EHV networks

A busbar protection is a protection to protect busbars at short-circuits and earth-faults. In the “childhood” of electricity no separate protection was used for the busbars. Nearby line protection were… Read more

Jun 24, 2020 | Edvard

Primary rated values for medium voltage switchgear often mixed by engineers

It’s not unusual to see that engineers mix terms of primary ratings. If they are not understood well, yes, it’s possible to mix some of them. But it’s essential to… Read more

Jun 22, 2020 | Edvard

Electrical insulation testing – Often underestimated until things go really bad

Due to mechanical damage, vibrations, (excessive) heat/cold, moisture/humidity, chemical influences and interactions and aging pinholes, cracks causes moisture and foreign matter to penetrate the surface of the insulation. They create… Read more

Jun 17, 2020 | Edvard

Protection practice recommendations and relay schemes for transformer, bus and breaker failure

Protective relays are most often applied with other protective and auxiliary relays as a system rather than individually. The following basic scheme descriptions apply to electromechanical, static, and microprocessor relay… Read more

Jun 06, 2020 | Edvard

The impact of interconnection transformer on the protection of the utility system with DG

Interconnection transformers are used to interface a distribution generation (DG) unit with an existing power system, and to provide the necessary isolation. Utilities recommend using an interconnection transformer to eliminate… Read more

Jun 03, 2020 | Edvard

Planning and installation of the low voltage switchgear – The devil is in the detail!

To be honest with you, the planning and installation of LV switchgear is a damn complicated job. But you knew that :) There are dozen of detail where you can… Read more

May 24, 2020 | Edvard

Transformer connections you are not allowed to forget

Transformers used in a power substations or a power system could be a bank of three single phase transformers connected in either star/delta or star/star etc., or could be a… Read more

May 20, 2020 | Edvard

Four very important precautions for installation of cables and busbar trunking systems

First, to be clear, there are dozen of concerns and precautions you should be aware of when we talk about energy transport. Cables and busbar systems are the most common… Read more

May 11, 2020 | Edvard

Twelve doubts in ground testing that make electrical engineers pretty confused

Ground testing is often misunderstood by electrical engineers and technicians who do not perform such testing often and regularly. It seems that there are a lot of questions and doubts… Read more

May 06, 2020 | Edvard

Why should plant engineers be worried about the power factor? What’s the catch?

Why are power engineers interested in plant power factor, what causes low power factor, and how can it be improved? The objectives of this article are to answer these questions… Read more

May 04, 2020 | Edvard

Major components of the HVDC converter station (single line diagram explained)

This technical article examines in detail the main equipment of an HVDC converter station and discusses the layout of this equipment within the converter station. The interconnection of HVDC to… Read more

Apr 29, 2020 | Edvard

The essential HV/EHV substation auxiliary facilities you should know about

Nowadays, HV/EHV substations have become pretty complex from the design point of view. Besides the main electrical equipment, which must be designed and selected correctly, there are several auxiliary facilities…...

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Apr 27, 2020 | Edvard

Five power quality devices that every commercial plant must have installed

Nowadays everybody speaks about power quality. For many reasons, I would say. Electrical energy is now polluted more than ever, and consumers are more sensitive to power disruptions and fluctuations… Read more

Apr 20, 2020 | Edvard