Spot network systems for distribution of electric power in downtown areas of cities

The AC secondary network system is the system that has been used for many years to distribute electric power in the high-density, downtown areas of cities, usually in the form… Read more

Apr 24, 2019 | Edvard

Three good examples of the application of modern relays to transformer protection

This technical article provides three examples of the application of modern relays to transformer protection. As there are many modern protection relays nowadays that provide advanced software to simplify the… Read more

Apr 22, 2019 | Edvard

Single line diagrams of substations 66/11 kV and 11/0.4 kV (reading & analysis)

This technical article describes single line diagrams of two typical power substations 66/11 kV and 11/0.4 kV and their power flow, principles of incoming lines (incomers) and outgoing lines (feeders),… Read more

Apr 17, 2019 | Edvard

Learn HV substation elements (graphic symbols, basics & connection schemes)

High voltage substations are pretty complex to understand since they have a way too many elements and each element is complex for itself and it depends on many system parameters… Read more

Apr 15, 2019 | Edvard

Properly engineered and installed selective coordination between LV circuit breakers

It’s extremely important to work on selective coordination of circuit breakers in the design phase of a system. After switchboards, distribution panels, MCCs, lighting switchboards, etc. are installed, there typically… Read more

Apr 10, 2019 | Edvard

Minimizing failure impact in distribution systems by allowing faults to clear themselves

Distribution systems are basically insecure – failure of a major component always leads to customer interruptions. So, what can be done? Reliable distribution systems minimize this impact by allowing faults… Read more

Apr 08, 2019 | Edvard

7 routine tests for a dry-type transformer you should perform during commissioning

This technical article briefly describes seven very important tests you should perform during commissioning of a dry-type transformer. Usually tests are performed in the factory where transformers are produced. The… Read more

Apr 03, 2019 | Edvard

Electrical design of healthcare facilities (essential system requirements)

Due to the critical nature of the care being provided at healthcare facilities and their increasing dependence on electrical equipment for preservation of life, they have special requirements for the… Read more

Apr 01, 2019 | Edvard

Practical steps in the design of a substation grounding

Grounding at power substations is extremely important. Grounding system provides the ground connection for the grounded neutral for transformers, reactors, and capacitors and also the discharge path for lightning rods,…...

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Mar 29, 2019 | Edvard

Transformer no-load loss and excitation-current measurements

A transformer dissipates a constant no-load loss as long as it is energized at constant voltage, 24 h a day, for all conditions of loading. This power loss represents a… Read more

Mar 27, 2019 | Edvard