Energy and Power
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My experience in solving problems in the cracker plant using a high-speed bus transfer solution
Incoming power supply details: Two of 6.6kV voltage lines are connected to the cracker plant from the distribution substation through reactors. Captive power plant (electricity generation facility) consists of two 36MVA gas turbine generators, two 5MVA steam generators, and two…...
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Aug 17, 2020 | By Satish Nurukurthi
Low Voltage
Secondary LV/MV distribution substations in a nutshell (connections and types)
The general method of supplying bulk power to buildings, factories or other complexes is by means of an MV supply, usually at 10 kV, occasionally at 6.6 kV. The installation comprises secondary distribution substation at the point of entry, with… Read more
Aug 05, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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My practical experience in the electrical protection system of industrial generators
A functional protection system installed, commissioned, and maintained on critical equipment like an industrial generator is of high importance. As such, every protection system must have the ability to: accurately detect, discriminate and isolate, and timely disconnect any fault. Each…...
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Aug 03, 2020 | By Ezeala Winner
Medium Voltage
Installation guidelines for MV metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear (IEC 62271-200)
What does it mean ‘metal-enclosed switchgear’? Metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear are generally assembled from type-tested panels. As per IEC 62271-200 metal-enclosed switchgear installations must be designed so that their insulation capacity, degree of protection, current carrying capacity, switching capacity and… Read more
Jul 27, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Control system equipment that supervises, protects and controls the substation operation
The control system equipment in a substation is a vital part that supervises, protects and controls the transmission of electrical power. The increasing complexity in the substations of today, together with the increasing transmitted power and the increasing fault current… Read more
Jul 13, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
How to shrink three-phase AC high voltage substation and optimize cost and space
Nowadays, when every cent is essential when building a substation, it is imperative to optimize each HV equipment without compromising functionality. This technical article deals with a few solutions to optimize high voltage switchgear in terms of space and cost…. Read more
Jul 06, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Principles and schemes of busbar and breaker protection in MV/HV/EHV networks
A busbar protection is a protection to protect busbars at short-circuits and earth-faults. In the “childhood” of electricity no separate protection was used for the busbars. Nearby line protection were used as back-up for busbar protection. With increasing short-circuit power… Read more
Jun 24, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
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Primary rated values for medium voltage switchgear often mixed by engineers
It’s not unusual to see that engineers mix terms of primary ratings. If they are not understood well, yes, it’s possible to mix some of them. But it’s essential to differentiate them. This technical article will try to shed some…...
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Jun 22, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Protection practice recommendations and relay schemes for transformer, bus and breaker failure
Protective relays are most often applied with other protective and auxiliary relays as a system rather than individually. The following basic scheme descriptions apply to electromechanical, static, and microprocessor relay systems. The static and microprocessor relay systems generally have more… Read more
Jun 06, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Maintenance
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My worst experience in the maintenance and supervision of medium voltage substations
While there are various voltage levels applicable across the globe depending upon the usability, the category of Medium Voltage remains one of the most critical voltage group comprising primary distribution or sub-transmission category of power supply at the range of…...
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Jun 01, 2020 | By Bishal Lamichhane
Energy and Power
Planning and installation of the low voltage switchgear – The devil is in the detail!
To be honest with you, the planning and installation of LV switchgear is a damn complicated job. But you knew that :) There are dozen of detail where you can stumble, if not planned carefully as they should be. The… Read more
May 24, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Major components of the HVDC converter station (single line diagram explained)
This technical article examines in detail the main equipment of an HVDC converter station and discusses the layout of this equipment within the converter station. The interconnection of HVDC to the AC system is very complex, and nowadays are now… Read more
Apr 29, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Cables
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The essential HV/EHV substation auxiliary facilities you should know about
Nowadays, HV/EHV substations have become pretty complex from the design point of view. Besides the main electrical equipment, which must be designed and selected correctly, there are several auxiliary facilities without which a substation would not be able to operate…...
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Apr 27, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
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Switching devices you are likely to spot in every medium voltage switchgear
Up to and including 52 kV voltage range is generally referred to as “medium voltage”. This technical article shed some light on a few devices you are likely to spot in most of the medium voltage switchgear. But, before diving…...
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Apr 13, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
The essentials of power systems: Relay protection and communication systems
First, I would like to make a note that there are many essentials when we speak about power systems in general. The main relay protection functions (overcurrent, directional, differential, distance, etc.) and network communication systems (SCADA, RTUs, digital and analog… Read more
Apr 06, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
