Power Substation
The essentials of LV/MV/HV substation bus overcurrent and differential protection
The substation bus and switchgear are the parts of the power system used to direct the flow of power to various feeders and to isolate apparatus and circuits from the power system. These parts include the busbars, circuit breakers, fuses,… Read more
Oct 10, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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7 essential functions of a digital substation automation system (SAS)
As you already know, every power substation consists of a group of HV devices whose individual sizes depend on substation operation voltages, which is called the primary equipment, as well as by a lot of low voltage smaller components, which…...
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Oct 05, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
Coordination analysis for a typical 13 kV distribution feeder of several lines
A typical 13 kV feeder of several lines at a distribution substation is shown in Figure 1. This is supplied from a 115 kV line through a 15/20/25 MVA transformer protected by a high-side fuse. Only one of the four… Read more
Oct 01, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
MV/LV transformer protection against temperature rise, overloads, short-circuit & overvoltages
When selecting the type of transformer correctly electrical engineer needs to know its different electrical and thermal properties and the resistance to stresses due to faults or normal service of the transformer itself. This is crucial to know. The transformer… Read more
Sep 26, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Busbar protection schemes for distribution substations
Busbars play an important role in power transmission and distribution. They are employed as a central distribution point for all feeders. In the case of a fault, current on the busbar becomes high, resulting to mechanical destruction which would affect… Read more
Sep 24, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Monitoring
Secondary equipment you should always consider when retrofitting existing HV substation
This approach assumes retrofitting and upgrading old substation secondary equipment such as intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), monitoring sensors, power apparatus, communication protocol and operating standards to improve the overall performance or reduce cost without disrupting the continuity of service. For… Read more
Sep 17, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Applying CTs in protection schemes for transformers, generators, machines etc.
Various types of instrument transformers are currently in use on the basis of the varied applications of these devices. The construction aspects and sizing play an important role in the selection of proper types of both CTs and VTs. The… Read more
Sep 05, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
The essentials of electrical distribution systems every engineer should know
Electrical distribution systems are an essential part of the electrical power system. In order to transfer electrical power from an alternating current (AC) or a direct current (DC) source to the place where it will be used, some type of… Read more
Sep 03, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Single phase and three phase capacitive-load switching in transmission & distribution systems
The interruption of capacitive currents is a usual switching case, unlike the making and breaking of fault currents. The usual cases, in which a capacitive current is switched, are switching of unloaded overhead transmission lines, local substation components, cables, capacitor…...
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Aug 30, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
The four most common switchgear-based substation types
The subject of this article is to discuss few most common types of MV/HV power substations based on the type of distribution switchgear, which can be seen in every distribution network. There are a number of methods of construction of… Read more
Aug 29, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
The zone selective interlocking logic of protection relays
This function significantly reduces the tripping time of the circuit breakers closest to the source. It can be used for zone selective interlocking (ZSI) in closed ring networks. It applies to the phase overcurrent 50/51, directional phase overcurrent 67, ground fault… Read more
Aug 27, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Protocols applied for time synchronization in a digital substation automation
Substation automation is a mission-critical task and electric power utilities must synchronize across large-scale distributed power grid switches in a substation to enable smooth power transfer and maintain power supply integrity. Precise time synchronization is therefore required to ensure that… Read more
Aug 22, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
The network of data acquisition in a digital substation
The data acquisition in electric power system is very important and includes a lot of areas such as substation. Digital substation is one of the key parts of smart grid and the network of process layer is an important foundation… Read more
Jul 30, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
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Nine topologies of medium voltage ring-main systems you should know about
Power systems are constructed can be operated as radial systems, ring-main systems or meshed systems. This technical article deals with nine most common topologies of ring-main systems, their characteristics and applications. Ring-main systems are common in the medium voltage range…....
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Jul 27, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Premium Content
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Current and voltage digital transformation in a modern substation protection and automation
Developments in communication have done much to realize the digital substation, but to realize a full digital substation it is necessary to have everything in digital form. Whilst much substation protection, control, and automation technology has always been digital (trip…...
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Jul 25, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
