Energy and Power
The Structure of Electric Power Systems: Energy Generation, Distribution and Transmission
From a general perspective, an electric power system is usually understood as a very large network that links power plants (large or small) to loads, by means of an electric grid that may span a whole continent, such as Europe… Read more
Oct 09, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Seven design diagrams that every HV substation engineer MUST understand
A substation engineer should have a good understanding of the electrical equipment and layout of HV power substation. It’s also important to understand relationship between protection and the other equipment in the substations and the distribution system. Beside this, it’s… Read more
Oct 04, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Rules for power distribution in LV switchgear and protection of branch / distributed lines
In designing a power distribution concept, encompassing the sizing of systems and devices, it is essential to align the requirements and feasibility with both the end user and the manufacturer. The appropriate sizing of low-voltage switchgear necessitates an understanding of… Read more
Sep 20, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Substation ownership demarcation between the utility and the plant (considerations & issues)
The substation ownership demarcation between the utility and the plant is very important and should be determined carefully. Specific ownership of the substation and associated equipment may be a complicated issue that may be determined by a number of conditions… Read more
Sep 18, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
How to specify real service conditions for LV/MV equipment inside a substation
The various service conditions for the MV equipment inside substation are linked to the design of the installation, the design of the operating room, the site and the application surrounding the installation, and finally, the seasons. The combination of these… Read more
Sep 13, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
The essentials of MV/HV magnetic voltage transformers
Magnetic voltage transformers are used to provide a secondary signal that is proportional to the actual prevailing primary value. These signals are used to supply measuring instruments, meters, relays and other similar apparatuses. The primary values measured are system currents… Read more
Aug 14, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Ten equipment you MUST recognize in every distribution substation
Distribution substation is a substation from which electric supply is distributed to the different users. In a substation there are numbers of incoming and outgoing circuits each having its isolator, circuit breaker, transformers etc. connected to bus-bar system. These equipment… Read more
Aug 11, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
The most common methods of measuring the resistance of an earth electrode
When an earth electrode system has been designed and installed, it is usually necessary to measure and confirm the earth resistance between the electrode and “true Earth”. The most commonly used method of measuring the earth resistance of an earth… Read more
Aug 09, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Practical advice for positioning of circuit breakers inside LV switchboard
Mounting of the different mechanical and electrical components (enclosures, busbars, functional units – circuit breakers, etc.) which constitute the LV switchboard defined by the original manufacturer must be carried out in compliance with the instructions (technical catalogue/assembly instruction manual) of… Read more
Aug 07, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
MV network diagrams for feeding secondary switchboards and MV/LV transformers
Let’s take a look at the main MV network diagrams and structures used to feed secondary switchboards and MV/LV transformers. The complexity of the diagrams differs, depending on the level of power supply security required. Note that there are many… Read more
Aug 04, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
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Reactive power and power factor measurement in industrial plant
A varmeter is used to measure the reactive power in an industrial plant that is supplied by an 8300-V, three-phase, four-wire line. The plant load is estimated to be 300 kVA at 0.8 pf. Design a suitable measuring system. The…...
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Jul 31, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
3 greatest enemies to the transformer operation (and how to prevent them)
The principal object of transformer maintenance is to maintain the insulation in good condition. Moisture, dust and excessive heat are the main reasons of insulation deterioration and avoidance of these will keep insulation in good condition. Heat and contamination are… Read more
Jul 28, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Three abnormal situations leading to an uncontrolled release of SF6 gas
This technical article deals with the assessment of risk to personnel in the case of an abnormal situation leading to an uncontrolled release of SF6 gas into the atmosphere. Generally , such situations occur very infrequently and are very rare…. Read more
Jun 28, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Monitoring
Philosophy of a good relay protection settings for machines and plants
The objectives of the protection system are: to limit damage to people and to the plant, permit different service conditions, guarantee maximum service continuity for the plant not affected by faults and activate the automatisms provided. The protection relays are normally provided for different objectives… Read more
Jun 09, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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How backup protection is used to improve fault-clearing system in HV networks
All elements in the fault-clearing system do not always operate correctly. Protection relays may fail to operate or may operate unwantedly. Switching devices may fail to interrupt the fault current. Common practice is to use several protection systems operating in…...
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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Jun 05, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
