Medium Voltage
Field Inspection of New Medium-Voltage Switchgear
Step Description of what you should do 1.1 Check switchgear assembly for alignment, levelness, and tightness of all bolting. 1.2 Check all equipment for the removal of blocking, supports, temporary ties, and temporary jumper wires. 1.3 Check control power transformer… Read more
Jul 16, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Delta-Star Transformer Connection Overview
The Delta-Star transformer connection is utilized to increase voltage levels and is frequently applied at the end or beginning of high-tension power transmission systems. The primary is configured in a delta arrangement, while the secondary is arranged in a star… Read more
Jul 10, 2012 | By Jignesh Parmar
Power Substation
Typical noise levels in power substation
Equipment noise levels may be obtained from manufacturers, equipment tendering documents, or test results. The noise level of a substation power transformer is a function of the MVA and BIL rating of the high voltage winding. These transformers typically generate… Read more
Jul 05, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
Assemblies of switchgear and control panels (3)
Continued from 2nd part of article: Assemblies of switchgear and control panels (part 2) Now coverage of distribution panels and switchboards will be presented including molded case circuit breakers (MCCB), safety switches, panelboards, multimetering equipment, ground fault circuit interrupters. Most of the… Read more
Jun 30, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
Assemblies of switchgear and control panels (2)
Continued from 1st part of article: Assemblies of switchgear and control panels (part 1) Other components that are needed for the proper operation of the switchgear or control panel but not necessarily part of the installation or maybe installed remotely are: The batteries… Read more
Jun 29, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
Assemblies of switchgear and control panels
Switchgear and control panels are found in power generating stations, transformer stations, distribution substations, commercial and institutional buildings, industrial plants and factories, refineries, paper mills, metal smelters and any other place where electric energy is utilized or electric power is… Read more
Jun 28, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Substation Switching Schemes
This technical article is intended to provide description and comparison of single line options for a DESN substation. The goal is to provide an analytical comparison for all options so that one can select the optimum solution considering cost, reliability,… Read more
Jun 26, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Commissioning of Electrical Equipment
To verify system condition after has been energized with rated system (service) voltage for which it is designed. Also to ensure the protection, metering system for correct directionality. Multimeter Phase angle meter Phase sequence meter Communication software (if required) Before… Read more
Jun 25, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Understanding Vector Group of Transformer (Part 2)
Vector Groups are the IEC method of categorizing the primary and secondary winding configurations of 3-phase transformers. Windings can be connected as delta, star, or interconnected-star (zigzag). Winding polarity is also important, since reversing the connections across a set of… Read more
Jun 04, 2012 | By Jignesh Parmar
Power Substation
Transformer Connection Star-Star
The windings of three phase transformers may be connected in by Y or Δ in the same manner as for three single phase transformer. Since the secondary’s may be connected either in Y or Δ regardless of which connection is used on… Read more
May 23, 2012 | By Jignesh Parmar
Cables
Sizing of power cables for circuit breaker controlled feeders (part 2)
Continued from article Sizing of power cables for circuit breaker controlled feeders (part 1) This criterion is applied so that cross section of the cable can carry the required load current continuously at the designed ambient temperature and laying condition. Ampacity… Read more
May 13, 2012 | By Asif Eqbal
Medium Voltage
Bus Switching Configurations In Air Insulated Substations (AIS)
Various factors affect the reliability of a substation, one of which is the arrangement of the switching devices. Arrangement of the switching devices will impact maintenance, protection, initial substation development, and cost. There are six types of substation bus switching… Read more
May 05, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Overview Of Electrical Loads In Building
The electrical design professional should determine a building’s electrical load characteristics early in the preliminary design stage of the building to select the proper power distribution system and equipment having adequate power capacity with proper voltage levels, and sufficient space… Read more
Apr 27, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Metering
Analog Data Acquisition with Transducers
Transducers measure power system parameters by sampling instrument transformer secondaries. They provide a scaled, low-energy signal that represents a power system quantity that the SA interface controller can easily accept. Transducers also isolate and buffer the SA interface controller from… Read more
Apr 19, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Substation Main Functions and Classification
An electrical substation is an assemblage of electrical components including busbars, switchgear, power transformers, auxiliaries etc. These components are connected in a definite sequence such that a ckt. can be switched off during normal operation by manual command and also… Read more
Mar 29, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
