Low Voltage
Defining Size and Location of Capacitor in Electrical System (2)
Continued from part 1: Defining Size and Location of Capacitor in Electrical System (2) Size of circuit breaker (CB), fuse and conductor of capacitor bank: A. Thermal and magnetic setting of a circuit breaker B. Fuse selection C. Size of… Read more
Mar 11, 2013 | By Jignesh Parmar
High Voltage
Using High-Speed Grounding Switches
Automatic high-speed grounding switches are applied for protection of power transformers when the cost of supplying other protective equipment is deemed unjustifiable and the amount of system disturbance that the high-speed grounding switch creates is judged acceptable. The switches are… Read more
Feb 15, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Connections Of Overcurrent Relay
This technical article is continued from first part: Types and Applications Of Overcurrent Relay It’s used for: 3-phase faults the overcurrent relays in all the 3-phases act. Phase to phase faults the relays in only the affected phases operate. Single… Read more
Feb 02, 2013 | By Jignesh Parmar
Energy and Power
Types and Applications Of Overcurrent Relay
Distribution systems are susceptible to overcurrent flow within its components. Overcurrent may arise from abnormal system conditions, including overloads and short-circuit failures, or from typical system conditions, such as transformer inrush current and motor initiation. Consequently, under typical system conditions,… Read more
Feb 01, 2013 | By Jignesh Parmar
Cables
Differences Between Earthed and Unearthed Cables
In HT electrical distribution, the system can be earthed or unearthed. The selection of unearthed or earthed cable depends on distribution system. If such system is earthed, then we have to use cable which is manufactured for earthed system. (which… Read more
Jan 21, 2013 | By Jignesh Parmar
Cables
Underground residential distribution layouts
Where general appearance, economics, congestion, or maintenance conditions make overhead construction inadvisable, underground construction is specified. While overhead lines have been ordinarily considered to be less expensive and easier to maintain, developments in underground cables and construction practices have narrowed… Read more
Jan 18, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Purpose of Disconnect Switches In HV Substation
Switches may be of several types, the common characteristic is that none are designed to interrupt fault currents and the insulation or insulators associated with them must coordinate with the rest of the system and a BIL (Basic insulation level)… Read more
Jan 14, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Environmental Stresses On External Insulation
The external insulation (transmission line or substation) is exposed to electrical, mechanical, and environmental stresses. The applied voltage of an operating power system produces electrical stresses. The weather and the surroundings (industry, rural dust, oceans, etc.) produce additional environmental stresses…. Read more
Jan 07, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Enhance Grid Reliability With Hybrid HVDC Breaker
Introduction to HHVDC How does Hybrid HVDC Breaker work? (VIDEO) Hybrid HVDC Breaker Construction Proactive control Prototype Design Of The Hybrid HVDC Breaker Comparison/Summary The advance of voltage source converter-based (VSC) high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems makes it possible… Read more
Dec 15, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC)
Use of PLCC in modern electrical power system is mainly for telemetry and telecontrol. Tele means remote. Telemetry refers to science of measurement from remote location. Introduction Major goal/Application of PLCC Main Components of PLCC: Coupling Capacitor Line trap Unit… Read more
Dec 14, 2012 | By Asif Eqbal
Transmission and Distribution
How Distribution Systems Control Customer Loads?
Distribution systems obviously exist to supply electricity to end users, so loads and their characteristics are important. Utilities supply a broad range of loads, from rural areas with load densities of 10 kVA/mi2 to urban areas with 300 MVA/mi2. A… Read more
Dec 10, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Methods of Controlling Lightning Overvoltages in HV
For well shielded transmission lines, the backflashover condition, close to the substation, is of prime concern for determining the location and number of surge arresters required to achieve insulation coordination of the substation for lightning surges. The risk of a… Read more
Dec 08, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
What Is The Basic Insulation Level (BIL)
Insulation levels are designed to withstand surge voltages, rather than only normal operating voltages. Since the transmission & distribution lines and substation equipment are protected by surge arresters draining the surges rapidly before the insulation is damaged, the arrester must… Read more
Dec 03, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Arrangements of LV Utility Distribution Networks (2)
Continued from the previous part: Arrangements of LV Utility Distribution Networks (1) In the past, an underground cable service or the wall-mounted insulated conductors from an overhead line service, invariably terminated inside the consumer’s premises, where the cable-end sealing box, the utility… Read more
Dec 01, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Arrangements of LV Utility Distribution Networks
In European countries the standard 3-phase 4-wire distribution voltage level is 230/400 V. Many countries are currently converting their LV systems to the latest IEC standard of 230/400 V nominal (IEC 60038). Medium to large-sized towns and cities have underground… Read more
Nov 30, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
