8 essential relay operating principles of catching faults

In general, as faults (short circuits) occur, currents increase in magnitude, and voltages go down. Besides these magnitude changes of the AC quantities, other changes may occur in one or… Read more

Apr 10, 2017 | Edvard

Three main techniques for mitigating step and touch potential hazards

Mitigating step and touch potential hazards is usually accomplished through one or more of the following three main techniques. Understanding the proper application of discussed techniques is the key to… Read more

Apr 07, 2017 | Edvard

How good are you at reading electrical drawings? Take the quiz.

Every electrician, in every branch of electrical work, will need to consult and understand the information presented on electrical drawings to locate the various outlets, the routing of circuits, the… Read more

Apr 05, 2017 | Edvard

Two main functions of an earth electrode and its installation parameters

The prime function of an earth electrode is the protection of persons. That’s it. It is a fact that we live on Earth! And it is vital to earth exposed… Read more

Apr 03, 2017 | Edvard

Wiring of power factor relay on LV and MV side (circuit diagrams)

In order to measure electrical power the relay needs to receive the line voltage and current from a current transformer (CT) installed close to the metering point, if possible. To… Read more

Mar 31, 2017 | Edvard

Five protection relay types used to detect grid disturbances and isolating

Consider a medium voltage distribution system having local generation (e.g., captive power generation) as shown in figure 1 which is also synchronized with the grid. During grid disturbance, if plant generators… Read more

Mar 29, 2017 | Edvard

Top six solutions to achieve a high level of energy efficiency in buildings

Energy efficiency in commercial buildings involves providing a given level of performance, cost, quality, availability, and comfort at a minimal level of energy usage throughout the lifecycle of a given… Read more

Mar 27, 2017 | Edvard

Installation, protection and connection of capacitor banks

In an low voltage electrical installation, capacitor banks can be installed at three different levels: Global installation Segment (or group) installation Individual (or single) installation After installation ways, we’ll discuss about… Read more

Mar 20, 2017 | Edvard

What is the complex power and how it figures in power analysis

Considerable effort has been expended over the years to express power relations as simply as possible. Power engineers have coined the term complex power, which they use to find the… Read more

Mar 17, 2017 | Edvard

3 performance factors you must consider when sizing batteries

Batteries need to be sized correctly to be able to feed the required load for the required time, and a number of factors need to be decided to be able… Read more

Mar 10, 2017 | Edvard

The essentials of synchronous machines in power distribution networks

Synchronous machines can be used as generators or motors. They are of 3-phase construction, even though some special exceptions can be found. A bulk of the applications are within power… Read more

Mar 06, 2017 | Edvard

Voltage drop calculation methods with examples explained in details

The first consideration for voltage drop is that under the steady-state conditions of normal load, the voltage at the utilization equipment must be adequate. In addition to steady-state conditions, voltage… Read more

Mar 03, 2017 | Edvard

Do you know what ground potential rise is? It’s really important.

First of all, ground potential rise is very important and very dangerous event. The grounding engineer will be required to develop safety systems to protect any personnel working where ground… Read more

Feb 22, 2017 | Edvard

5 good examples of locking out HV/MV/LV structures and equipment

In all cases the choice of locks and safety positions requires prior analysis of the locking sequence to be applied in order to correctly define the requirement and clearly identify… Read more

Feb 17, 2017 | Edvard

How a three-phase power transformer responds to harmonics

The way in which a three-phase transformer responds to harmonics depends on the connection configuration used. For a star-star configuration, any imbalance in the phase currents results in the star… Read more

Feb 15, 2017 | Edvard