Energy and Power
The Philosophy Of Breaker Failure Protection
The separation of equipment into zones will only work successfully if the outputs of the protections can be guaranteed to do their job. This makes logical sense. For the bus protection in Figure 1 for example, the breakers X and… Read more
May 29, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Cables
Few Aspects of Copper versus Aluminium
The constructions of aluminum wire and terminals have both been revised from past years. At one time the conductor was nearly pure aluminum, now they are all much stronger 8000 series alloys, with physical characteristics similar to copper. The wire… Read more
May 27, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
5 most common motor load types
Certain load types are characteristic in the industrial world. Knowing the load profile (speed range, torque and power) is essential when selecting a suitable motor and frequency converter for the application. Some common load types are shown. There may also… Read more
May 20, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Important Guidelines To Startup and Shutdown a Large Generator
The purpose of this guidelines is to ensure the continuing operational integrity of generators. Operating conditions (startup and shutdown) that have forced units off-line or have damaged or shortened the life of turbine (or generator) components in the past are… Read more
May 18, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Motor connection for clockwise and counterclockwise direction of rotation
Star-delta (in North America the designation “wye-delta” is commonly used instead) starting is the simplest method for reducing the starting current of a motor. The technique can be used with all squirrel-cage induction motors that are delta-connected for normal operation… Read more
May 13, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
3 Overcurrent Protective Device Ratings You MUST Properly Select
In order for an overcurrent protective device to operate properly, the overcurrent protective device ratings must be properly selected. These ratings include: Voltage rating Ampere rating and Interrupting rating – Minimum Interrupting Rating. If the interrupting rating is not properly selected,… Read more
May 08, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
7 factors to consider when choosing single versus parallel generators
Paralleling is the synchronous operation of two or more generator sets connected together on a common bus in order to provide power to common loads as shown in Figure 1. In deciding whether a single or multiple generators should be installed… Read more
May 06, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Calculating the short circuit heating of busbars
Like all electrical circuits, busbars need to be protected against the effects of short-circuit currents. The open construction of busbars increases the risk of faults, e.g. by the ingress of foreign bodies into air gaps, and the risk of consequent… Read more
May 01, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
Cable sizing of sub-main electrical circuits (working examples)
A sub-main electrical circuit can be defined as a circuit connected directly from the main LV switchboard to a sub-main distribution panel or a rising main for final connection of the minor current-using equipment. The Code requires that the maximum copper loss in… Read more
Apr 29, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
5 Types of equipment which generates the most harmonics
Harmonic load currents are generated by all non-linear loads. This includes: Switched mode power supplies (SMPS) Electronic fluorescent lighting ballasts Variable speed drives (VSDs) Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) Magnetic-cored devices The majority of modern electronic units use switched mode power… Read more
Apr 27, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
4 power transformer protection devices explained in details
The power transformer protection is realized with two different kinds of devices, namely the devices that are measuring the electrical quantities affecting the transformer through instrument transformers and the devices that are indicating the status of the physical quantities at… Read more
Apr 20, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Detailed Overview of Power System Disturbances (Causes and Impacts)
To make the study of Power Quality problems useful, the various types of disturbances need to be classified by magnitude and duration. This is especially important for manufacturers and users of equipment that may be at risk. Manufacturers need to know what… Read more
Apr 17, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
Back To School – Let’s Calculate Current I3
Referring to the following circuit, calculate direct current I3: Using Kirchhoff’s laws; Using nodal analysis; Applying Thévenin’s theorem at nodes A and B. – KCL stands for Kirchhoff’s Current Law – KVL stands for Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law The following equation… Read more
Apr 10, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Good voltage regulation and justified power factor correction
Power factor correction and voltage regulation are closely related. In many cases, the desired voltage regulation is costly to obtain. Larger or paralleled conductors to reduce voltage drop under load are, in many cases, the proper solution. However, power factor… Read more
Apr 01, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Six energy efficiency improvement opportunities in fan systems
Efficiencies of fan systems vary considerably across impeller types. The average energy saving potential in these systems in the U.S. manufacturing industry is estimated at 6%. For optimal savings and performance, it is recommended that a systems approach is used…. Read more
Mar 27, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
