Energy and Power
5 copper busbar jointing methods you should know
Efficient joints in copper busbar conductors can be made very simply by: Bolting Clamping Riveting Soldering Welding Bolting and clamping are used extensively on-site. Shaped busbars may be prefabricated by using friction stir welding. Bolted joints are formed by overlapping… Read more
Jun 17, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
When To Use a Solidly Grounded System?
As is evident from the name, a solidly grounded system is one where the neutral of the system is directly connected to ground without introducing any intentional resistance in the ground circuit. With appropriate choice of the type and number… Read more
Jun 10, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
How to achieve selective coordination of circuit breakers
Selective coordination is often referred to simply as coordination. Coordination is defined in NEC® 240.2 as: “The proper localization of a fault condition to restrict outages to the equipment affected, accomplished by the choice of selective fault-protective devices.” It is… Read more
Jun 08, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
What Is The Poor Power Quality?
Most electrical and electronic equipment is designed to operate from a power supply with a particular specification that usually defines the minimum and maximum limits for RMS (root mean-square) voltage and frequency. There is an expectation on the part of… Read more
Jun 05, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Understanding Transfer Switch Transition Types
Transfer switches are used for quickly and safely transitioning all electrical power consumed by the circuit, equipment, or systems connected to the transfer switch output between those normal and emergency power sources. All electrical power consumed by the circuit, equipment, or… Read more
Jun 03, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
The Philosophy Of Breaker Failure Protection
The separation of equipment into zones will only work successfully if the outputs of the protections can be guaranteed to do their job. This makes logical sense. For the bus protection in Figure 1 for example, the breakers X and… Read more
May 29, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Cables
Few Aspects of Copper versus Aluminium
The constructions of aluminum wire and terminals have both been revised from past years. At one time the conductor was nearly pure aluminum, now they are all much stronger 8000 series alloys, with physical characteristics similar to copper. The wire… Read more
May 27, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
5 most common motor load types
Certain load types are characteristic in the industrial world. Knowing the load profile (speed range, torque and power) is essential when selecting a suitable motor and frequency converter for the application. Some common load types are shown. There may also… Read more
May 20, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Important Guidelines To Startup and Shutdown a Large Generator
The purpose of this guidelines is to ensure the continuing operational integrity of generators. Operating conditions (startup and shutdown) that have forced units off-line or have damaged or shortened the life of turbine (or generator) components in the past are… Read more
May 18, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Motor connection for clockwise and counterclockwise direction of rotation
Star-delta (in North America the designation “wye-delta” is commonly used instead) starting is the simplest method for reducing the starting current of a motor. The technique can be used with all squirrel-cage induction motors that are delta-connected for normal operation… Read more
May 13, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
3 Overcurrent Protective Device Ratings You MUST Properly Select
In order for an overcurrent protective device to operate properly, the overcurrent protective device ratings must be properly selected. These ratings include: Voltage rating Ampere rating and Interrupting rating – Minimum Interrupting Rating. If the interrupting rating is not properly selected,… Read more
May 08, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
7 factors to consider when choosing single versus parallel generators
Paralleling is the synchronous operation of two or more generator sets connected together on a common bus in order to provide power to common loads as shown in Figure 1. In deciding whether a single or multiple generators should be installed… Read more
May 06, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Calculating the short circuit heating of busbars
Like all electrical circuits, busbars need to be protected against the effects of short-circuit currents. The open construction of busbars increases the risk of faults, e.g. by the ingress of foreign bodies into air gaps, and the risk of consequent… Read more
May 01, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
Cable sizing of sub-main electrical circuits (working examples)
A sub-main electrical circuit can be defined as a circuit connected directly from the main LV switchboard to a sub-main distribution panel or a rising main for final connection of the minor current-using equipment. The Code requires that the maximum copper loss in… Read more
Apr 29, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
5 Types of equipment which generates the most harmonics
Harmonic load currents are generated by all non-linear loads. This includes: Switched mode power supplies (SMPS) Electronic fluorescent lighting ballasts Variable speed drives (VSDs) Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) Magnetic-cored devices The majority of modern electronic units use switched mode power… Read more
Apr 27, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
