Energy and Power
The most typical indices for measuring power quality disturbances
There are various methods for categorizing the severity of power disturbances. The most typical indices for measuring power quality disturbances are listed and explained below: Distortion factor Crest factor Notch area Recovery time Displacement power factor Total power factor K… Read more
Nov 28, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
An overview of Wye and Delta solidly-grounded systems
The solidly-grounded system is the most common system arrangement, and one of the most versatile. The most commonly-used configuration is the solidly-grounded wye, because it will support single-phase phase-to neutral loads. The solidly-grounded wye system arrangement can be shown by… Read more
Nov 26, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
What are the consequences of high harmonic distortion levels?
Just as high blood pressure can create stress and serious problems in the human body, high levels of harmonic distortion can create stress and resultant problems for the utility’s distribution system and the plant’s distribution system, as well as all… Read more
Nov 24, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Quick estimation of the short circuit current at the end of a feeder
If we consider a branch circuit going away from the point of supply and follow it radially along all the connections and branches, we shall find that further away we are from the transformer, lower is the value of the… Read more
Nov 21, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Mineral oil-filled distribution transformer as one of the main part of electrical supply system
As you already know, this is the most common type of distribution transformer. It is one of the most important part and can be found on electrical supply systems in every country of the world. Although the insulating oil is… Read more
Nov 19, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
When customer complains on equipment failure caused by overvoltage…
While voltage sags and momentary interruptions cause the most widespread power quality problems, several other power quality disturbances can damage equipment, overheat equipment, disrupt processes, cause data loss, and annoy and upset customers. Often, customers complain of equipment failures, especially… Read more
Nov 17, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Cables
Characteristics of XLPE insulated cables
XLPE is the recognized abbreviation for cross-linked polyethylene. This and other cross-linked synthetic materials, of which EPR (ethylene propylene rubber) is a notable example, are being increasingly used as cable insulants for a wide range of voltages. Polyethylene has good… Read more
Nov 12, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
34 Questions And Answers To Break the Myth About SF6 Gas In Electrical Equipment
There are many published discussions and reports on various aspects of SF6 gas (sulphur hexafluoride) usage in electrical equipment. Most of them are based on facts and researches, but some are not. Let’s try to answer the 34 questions and… Read more
Nov 10, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Impact of voltage regulation on power system stability
Voltage regulation, by definition, is the percentage change in secondary voltage from no-load to full-load conditions. The regulation is customarily specified at a specific power factor, as the power factor of the load affects the voltage regulation of the device… Read more
Nov 07, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
4 essential qualities of electrical protection
In generating stations, all electrical circuits and machines are subject to faults. A fault is generally caused by the breakdown of insulation between a conductor and ground or between conductors due to a variety of reasons. The result is a… Read more
Nov 03, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
8 most important definitions to quantify load diversity
The most vital, but often the last to be acquired, pieces of information for power system design are the load details. An important concept in load planning is that due to non-coincident timing, some equipment operating at less than rated load, and… Read more
Oct 31, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Applications and characteristics of differential relays (ANSI 87)
Differential relays generally fall within one of two broad categories: Current-differential and High-impedance differential Current-differential relays are typically used to protect large transformers, generators, and motors. For these devices detection of low level winding-to-ground faults is essential to avoid equipment damage. Current… Read more
Oct 29, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
What NEC says about design constraints for grounding systems
Several key design constraints for grounding systems from the NEC are as follows. These are paraphrased from the code text: Ø Electrical systems that are grounded must be grounded in such a manner as to limit the voltage imposed by lightning, line… Read more
Oct 22, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
9 Most Common Power Quality Problems
The most common types of Power Quality problems are presented below along with their description, causes and consequences: Voltage sag (or dip) Very short interruptions Long interruptions Voltage spike Voltage swell Harmonic distortion Voltage fluctuation Noise Voltage Unbalance Description: A… Read more
Oct 20, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Let’s analyse phase-to-earth faults in a single-incomer power system
Power-system protection should detect faults and isolate the faulty parts of the power system while keeping the fault-free parts in operation. Protection units are chosen according to the power-system configuration (parallel operation of generators or transformers, loop or radial power system,… Read more
Oct 17, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
