10 unbalance detection schemes for removing failed capacitor bank from the system

The main purpose of an unbalance detection scheme is to remove a capacitor bank from the system in the event of a failure and fuse operation. This will prevent damaging… Read more

Nov 26, 2018 | Edvard

Neutral earthing systems of generator sets (gensets)

Generator sets have specific features that must be taken into account for protection against electric shocks. Mobile sets cannot be connected to earth and their connection by means of a… Read more

Nov 08, 2018 | Edvard

Automatic bus transfer scheme in thermal and nuclear power stations

In order to ensure uninterrupted supply to connected loads in thermal and nuclear power stations, two types of automatic supply transfer schemes are normally used: automatic bus transfer scheme and… Read more

Oct 24, 2018 | Edvard

4 important factors related to proper application of a LV circuit breaker

Consideration of all the factors related to proper application of a low-voltage circuit breaker goes beyond voltage, current, and interrupting rating. The performance of a specific type of circuit breaker… Read more

Oct 15, 2018 | Edvard

The zone selective interlocking logic of protection relays

This function significantly reduces the tripping time of the circuit breakers closest to the source. It can be used for zone selective interlocking (ZSI) in closed ring networks. It applies to… Read more

Aug 27, 2018 | Edvard

The study of harmonics and LV energy compensation

The harmonic currents are mainly down to the nonlinear loads in the installations. The most frequent harmonic sources are linked to the use of electric arcs (welding, arc furnaces, discharge… Read more

Aug 20, 2018 | Edvard

The technology behind distributed control system (DCS) in a thermal power plant

A DCS is the heart of a thermal power plant’s instrumentation and control systems. DCS stands for ‘distributed control system’, and the term ‘distributed’ means that several processors are operating…...

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Aug 09, 2018 | Edvard

8 practical applications of testing ground system using clamp-on tester

First of all, it is extremely important that the operator/engineer understand the ground system that is being tested. The clamp-on measurement works well in many situations, but it has limitations… Read more

Aug 08, 2018 | Edvard

Generator earthing and stator earth fault protection

Generating unit is a pretty complex system made up of the generator stator winding, its transformer and unit transformer (if present), the rotor with its field winding and excitation system,… Read more

Aug 06, 2018 | Edvard

An algorithmic approach to space optimized design of modular switchboards

Modular Switchboards are used for electrical power distribution in industrial and commercial locations. It is often important to know the dimensions of the Switchboards beforehand, especially in case of large… Read more

Aug 01, 2018 | Apurva Singh

Installing and setting into operation of automatically controlled compensation banks

During previous decades manufacturers of automatic compensation banks faced increasing competition worldwide. They were forced to produce as economically as possible. Now, new technologies have been developed compared with the… Read more

Jul 23, 2018 | Edvard

How to create a specific neutral earthing system within existing one (islanding)

Each neutral earthing system has advantages and disadvantages for the safety of property, electromagnetic compatibility or continuity of service. The main system must therefore be chosen according to these criteria,… Read more

Jul 18, 2018 | Edvard

8 substation equipment needed to power up data center

A few years ago I participated in an interesting project Telenor Data Center in Belgrade – The most advanced technical building in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. The… Read more

Jul 11, 2018 | Edvard

Current heat losses produced by electrical operational equipment in LV switchgear

It is widely accepted by all manufacturers that accumulation of heat (leading to overheating of devices) in switchgear is one of the greatest risks that could shorten the life expectancy… Read more

May 28, 2018 | Edvard

How optical communication cables work and how they differ from other cables

In several previous articles I mentioned optical fibre in the context of substation automation, protection signaling, communication between electrical devices, LAN communications, etc. Now I will get into details of… Read more

May 23, 2018 | Edvard