High Voltage
Primary Distribution Voltage Levels
Most distribution voltages are between 4 and 35 kV. In this article, unless otherwise specified, voltages are given as line-to-line voltages; this follows normal industry practice, but it is sometimes a source of confusion. The four major voltage classes are… Read more
Aug 10, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
The Structure Of Power System
An interconnected power system is a complex enterprise that may be subdivided into the following major subsystems: Generation Subsystem Transmission and Subtransmission Subsystem Distribution Subsystem Utilization Subsystem Generation subsystem includes generators and transformers. An essential component of power systems is… Read more
Aug 09, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
The main components of an oil circuit breaker and how does it interrupt the arc
They are simple in construction. The major parts of a minimum oil circuit breaker excluding the poles are the base frame,the drive which is constructed as a stored energy opening and closing mechanism (the operating mechanism). The opening spring of… Read more
Jul 24, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Shunt Reactor Used In HV and EHV Systems
Main Power System parameters are System Voltages and Frequency which normally indicate the healthiness level (they indicate the level of Generated active and reactive Powers against the load power requirement). In a healthy system, Voltage and frequency are close to… Read more
Jul 17, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Autoreclosing in Transmission and Distribution Systems
Two main functions of Utility Electric System Operations department are Control and Protection. Control function deals with all operational aspects involved in efficient and optimal dispatching of available real power (with reactive power support) from the Generating units (and reactive… Read more
Jul 15, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Transmission and Distibution Overhead Circuit Faults
Overhead (OH) Transmission circuits are usually HV level (110kV or 115kV and more) to EHV levels (230kV and beyond) and UHV levels (765kV and beyond). OH Distribution systems involve sub-transmission system circuits like 66kV down to 11kV….some times as low… Read more
Jul 11, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
FACTS – Flexible AC Transmission Systems
The acronym FACTS stands for “flexible AC transmission systems”. These systems add some of the virtues of DC, i.e., phase independence and fast controllability, to AC transmission by means of electronic controllers. Such controllers can be shunt or series connected… Read more
Jun 21, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Circuit breakers classified by interrupting medium
A circuit breaker is defined as “a mechanical switching device capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying and breaking for a specified time, and breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such… Read more
Jun 20, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Reducing Distribution Line Losses
One of the main benefits of applying capacitors is that they can reduce distribution line losses. Losses come from current through the resistance of conductors. Some of that current transmits real power, but some flows to supply reactive power. Reactive… Read more
Jun 19, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Cables
Measurement of insulation resistance (IR)
The measurement of insulation resistance is a common routine test performed on all types of electrical wires and cables. As a production test, this test is often used as a customer acceptance test, with minimum insulation resistance per unit length… Read more
Apr 28, 2012 | By Jignesh Parmar
Energy and Power
Single-Phase Power vs Three-Phase Power
The principal elements of an electric power system are the generating stations, the transmission lines, the substations, and the distribution networks. The generators produce the electricity, the transmission lines move it to regions where it is consumed, and the substations… Read more
Apr 01, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Substation Main Functions and Classification
An electrical substation is an assemblage of electrical components including busbars, switchgear, power transformers, auxiliaries etc. These components are connected in a definite sequence such that a ckt. can be switched off during normal operation by manual command and also… Read more
Mar 29, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
How HV transmission lines affects humans and plants?
By increasing population of the world, towns are expanding, many buildings construct near high voltage overhead power transmission lines. The increase of power demand has increased the need for transmitting huge amount of power over long distances. Large transmission lines… Read more
Mar 20, 2012 | By Jignesh Parmar
High Voltage
Using HVDC Technology For Transmitting Electricity
An alternate means of transmitting electricity is to use high-voltage direct current (HVDC) technology. As the name implies, HVDC uses direct current to transmit power. Direct current facilities are connected to HVAC systems by means of rectifiers, which convert alternating… Read more
Mar 05, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Protection and Relays Used In Main Circuit Board at a Power Grid Substation
The DMH type relay provides high speed biased differential protection for two or three winding transformers. The relay is immune to high inrush current and has a high degree of stability against through faults. It requires a max of two… Read more
Feb 17, 2012 | By Bipul Raman
