What affects the operating temperature within LV switchgear
BS EN 60439 states a maximum indoor ambient temperature of 40ºC, a maximum daily average of 35ºC and a minimum ambient of -5ºC. As a general guidance rule, the temperature… Read more
Apr 30, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Automatic transfer switch (ATS) between two low-voltage utility supplies
Multiple utility services may be used as an emergency or standby source of power. Required is an additional utility service from a separate source and the required switching equipment. Figure… Read more
Jan 15, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Example of MV/LV network structure with dual fed main MV switchboard
Connected to article: Example of standard MV/LV network structure MV consumer substation; The main MV switchboard can be backed up by a generator set and it feeds two MV/LV transformers;… Read more
Jan 06, 2014 | By Edvard Csanyi
Switching contactor and effect of long control lines
In accordance with IEC 60947-4-1 and IEC 60947-5-1, the normal control voltage range of power and control contactors lies between 85 … 110 % of the rated control voltage. Within… Read more
May 15, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Using AC switchgear in DC applications
Switchgear designed for alternating current can carry at least the same rated continuous operational DC current. With direct current the skin effect in the circuits disappears and none of the… Read more
Apr 19, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Defining Size and Location of Capacitor in Electrical System (2)
Continued from part 1: Defining Size and Location of Capacitor in Electrical System (2) Size of circuit breaker (CB), fuse and conductor of capacitor bank: A. Thermal and magnetic setting… Read more
Mar 11, 2013 | By jiguparmar
Differences Between Earthed and Unearthed Cables
In HT electrical distribution, the system can be earthed or unearthed. The selection of unearthed or earthed cable depends on distribution system. If such system is earthed, then we have… Read more
Jan 21, 2013 | By jiguparmar
Discrimination between residual current circuit breakers (RCCBs)
The operating principle of the residual current release is basically the detection of an earth fault current, by means of a toroid transformer which embraces all the live conductors, included… Read more
Jan 11, 2013 | By Edvard Csanyi
Lighting Circuits Connections for Interior Electrical Installations (2)
Continued from first part: Lighting Circuits Connections for Interior Electrical Installations In modern internal electrical installations, domestic and professional, there is a need for lighting installations in staircases and installation… Read more
Dec 31, 2012 | By Emmanouil Angeladas
Lighting Circuits Connections for Interior Electrical Installations
Electrical lines which include lighting circuits begin from the main distribution panel of the installation and each line contains three conductors: phase, neutral and ground. All three conductors reach to… Read more
Dec 07, 2012 | By Emmanouil Angeladas
Arrangements of LV Utility Distribution Networks (2)
Continued from the previous part: Arrangements of LV Utility Distribution Networks (1) In the past, an underground cable service or the wall-mounted insulated conductors from an overhead line service, invariably terminated… Read more
Dec 01, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Arrangements of LV Utility Distribution Networks
In European countries the standard 3-phase 4-wire distribution voltage level is 230/400 V. Many countries are currently converting their LV systems to the latest IEC standard of 230/400 V nominal… Read more
Nov 30, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Purpose of Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCBs)
Miniature circuit breakers (MCB) are primarily designed to protect cables and lines against overload (thermal) and short-circuit (electromagnetic). They thus care for protecting this electrical equipment against excessive temperature rises and destruction… Read more
Nov 24, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Safety Standards for LV/MV/HV (Part-3)
Continued from part 2 – Electrical Safety Standards for LV/MV/HV (Part-2) Standard: Northern Ireland Electricity (NIE), 6/025 ENA Code: Indian Electricity Rules / Central Electricity Authority Right of Way Clearance… Read more
Nov 14, 2012 | By jiguparmar
Electrical Safety Standards for LV/MV/HV (Part-2)
Continued from part 1 – Electrical Safety Standards for LV/MV/HV (Part-1) Standard: Northern Ireland Electricity (NIE), 6/025 ENA Clearances of Electrical Line to Ground and Roads Clearances of Electrical Line… Read more
Nov 12, 2012 | By jiguparmar