Energy and Power
How to create a specific neutral earthing system within existing one (islanding)
Each neutral earthing system has advantages and disadvantages for the safety of property, electromagnetic compatibility or continuity of service. The main system must therefore be chosen according to these criteria, but the characteristics of the system, the receivers, and the… Read more
Jul 18, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
Selection of relay for incoming and outgoing feeders for MV and LV MCC switchgear
Selection of proper relay is one of the most important stages to have a reliable network. In this article, selection of relay for incoming and outgoing feeders for LV switchgear (motor control centers) and MV switchgear up to 33kV has… Read more
Jul 02, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
MV/LV Power Substations Design and Schematics Notes (Network Supply and Enclosure Types)
Early consultation with the local Electricity Distributor is essential for agreement on a mutually approved MV/LV substation to act as the intake point for a particular site. This consultation is usually before detailed knowledge of the plant or project is… Read more
Jun 11, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Why Raise the Power Factor? The Basics Every Electrical Engineer Should Understand.
A low power factor causes poor system efficiency. The total apparent power must be supplied by the electric utility. With a low power factor, or a high-kilovar component, additional generating losses occur throughout the system. Figures 1 and 2 below… Read more
Jun 06, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
Design of primary and secondary power distribution in car manufacturing plants (BMW, VW…)
When power supply systems for car manufacturing plant are planned, each individual problem can be faced in various ways: by means of technical solutions that feature specific technical advantages. This means that both a thorough knowledge of the relevant industrial… Read more
May 30, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Current heat losses produced by electrical operational equipment in LV switchgear
It is widely accepted by all manufacturers that accumulation of heat (leading to overheating of devices) in switchgear is one of the greatest risks that could shorten the life expectancy of a switchgear, thus potentially damaging electrical and electronic devices… Read more
May 28, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
Good Practice Rules For In-Process Inspection Of Low Voltage Switchboard
The purpose of in-process inspection is to ensure product conformity after each manufacturing operation. This process concerns all the manufacturing operations done by the workshop operators. Inspection during the manufacturing stage could be described by the following process: Inspection during… Read more
Mar 21, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
Why Ground Fault Protection Matters and Which Scheme For Sensing Ground Faults To Choose
A ground fault normally occurs in one of two ways: by accidental contact of an energized conductor with normally grounded metal, or as a result of an insulation failure of an energized conductor. When an insulation failure occurs, the energized… Read more
Mar 19, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Step-by-step tutorial for building capacitor bank and reactive power compensation panel
Design of reactive power compensation panel is much different and not that simple like standard distribution panel. When dealing with such panels, there are dozen of parameters to specify and other things to take care of. This article is the… Read more
Feb 28, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Essential considerations on the neutral and protective conductor in LV power system
The neutral conductor is a live conductor that is connected to the neutral point of the system and is able to contribute to the transmission of electric power. The neutral point is usually, but not necessarily connected to the star-point… Read more
Feb 19, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Troubleshooting three basic hardwired control circuits used in starting electric motor
Generally speaking, basic control circuits are used in starting, stopping, sequencing, and safety automatic interlocking of equipment and machines. The control circuit consists of relays, relay contacts, contactors, timers, counters, etc. Control circuits can also be configured or programed in… Read more
Oct 23, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
How to choose a form of separation for LV switchboard and how to classify them
By form of separation it is meant the type of subdivision provided within the switchboard. Separation by means of barriers or partitions (metallic or insulating) may have several functions. And these functions: Provide protection against direct contact (at least IPXXB)… Read more
Sep 25, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Rules for power distribution in LV switchgear and protection of branch / distributed lines
In designing a power distribution concept, encompassing the sizing of systems and devices, it is essential to align the requirements and feasibility with both the end user and the manufacturer. The appropriate sizing of low-voltage switchgear necessitates an understanding of… Read more
Sep 20, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Main circuit breaker types from 1000 V MCB to 1000 kV dead tank breaker
This technical article discusses two important circuit breaker classifications – by voltage level (from low to medium and high voltage) and secondly by technology (extinguishing method or medium that insulates the breaker contacts. Contents: Voltage levels of circuit breakers: High… Read more
Sep 06, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Should transfer switch be equipped with contactors or circuit breakers? Manual or automatic?
Transfer switches support multiple operation modes (manual, automatic, non-automatic, bypass isolation, etc.) and feature a range of different switching mechanisms (contactors, circuit breakers). Transfer switches are used to protect critical electrical loads against loss of power. The load’s normal power… Read more
Aug 23, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
