Energy and Power
Practical advice for positioning of circuit breakers inside LV switchboard
Mounting of the different mechanical and electrical components (enclosures, busbars, functional units – circuit breakers, etc.) which constitute the LV switchboard defined by the original manufacturer must be carried out in compliance with the instructions (technical catalogue/assembly instruction manual) of… Read more
Aug 07, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
How to install a manual transfer switch for a backup system in 16 steps
A manual transfer switch is installed next to the main service panel to override the normal electrical service with power from a backup generator during a power outage. Manual transfer switches require an operator to change the power source, while… Read more
Aug 02, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
11-step procedure for a successful electrical circuit design (LV project example)
Let’s take an example of electrical circuit design. A consumer lives in a bungalow with a detached garage and workshop, as shown in Figure 1. The building method is traditional brick and timber. The mains intake position is at high… Read more
Jul 19, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
How choice of system earthing affects low voltage switchgear?
Choice of system earthing affects not only dependability (in the largest sense) but also installation, in particular with respect to the low voltage switchgear to be implemented. The three system earthings internationally used and standardized by IEC 60364 have as… Read more
Jul 05, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
System earthings and incidents on MV side that result in LV disturbances
Low voltage networks, unless a replacement uninterruptible power supply (with galvanic insulation) or a LV/LV transformer is used, are influenced by MV. This influence takes the form of: capacitive coupling, galvanic coupling and common impedance. And the reasons for influences are: Capacitive… Read more
Jun 30, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Practice for good grounding and bonding a home wiring system
All home electrical systems must be bonded and grounded according to code standards. This entails two tasks: First, the metal water and gas pipes must be connected electrically to create a continuous low resistance path back to the main electrical… Read more
Jun 19, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Twelve installation tips for implementing a good residual protection
All installations have an earth leakage current that is mainly due to the conductor’s capacitive leakage and to anti-parasitic or EMI filtering capacitors, for example class I equipment. The sum of these leakage currents may cause highly sensitive residual protection… Read more
Jun 02, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Rules for dimensioning, disconnecting and protecting the neutral conductor
Dimensioning of neutral conductor Smaller than the cross-sectional area of the phase conductors… Equal to the cross-sectional area of the phase conductors Greater than or equal… Neutral conductor disconnection TN-C system TT or TN-S system IT system Important recommendations #1… Read more
Apr 19, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Thumb rules for surge arrester installation in different earthing systems
A variety of documents deal with the subject of surge arrester installation: for example in France, standard NF C 15-531 focuses on the installation rules of LV surge arresters, and standard NF C 15-100 covers all the LV electrical installations…. Read more
Apr 17, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Circuit breaker selections for low voltage installation (with discrimination)
The LV installation which forms the subject of this study is shown in figure 1 above. This study includes discrimination and coordination of protection between the LV equipment and the protection located upstream of each MV/LV power supply transformer. The… Read more
Apr 14, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Top six solutions to achieve a high level of energy efficiency in buildings
Energy efficiency in commercial buildings involves providing a given level of performance, cost, quality, availability, and comfort at a minimal level of energy usage throughout the lifecycle of a given asset or process. Generally speaking, energy efficiency involves reducing energy… Read more
Mar 27, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Voltage drop calculation methods with examples explained in details
What we call “voltage drop” is really just the differential in voltage between where the installation started and where the receptor was connected. The primary concern with voltage drop is that, under steady-state conditions of typical load, the voltage at the… Read more
Mar 03, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
Measurement of N–PE loop resistance in TN, TT and IT systems
Up-to-date test instruments, with built in modern electronics, can measure loop resistance even between the neutral N and protection PE conductors in spite of possible high currents in the neutral conductor. The current, which is driven by phase voltages through… Read more
Feb 24, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Detailed calculation of currents and power according to the type of load
Currents and power analysis are key factors in any design or redesign of an installation they will enable the source(s) to be sized according to the purpose of the installation, the intended use of the circuits and the receivers to… Read more
Feb 13, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Four typical designs for connecting generator set(s) to the low voltage system
Many different system designs are possible, but for highest reliability, systems are typically configured so that generator set(s) are connected at low voltage, with the minimum number of transformers and circuit breakers between the generator set and load to be… Read more
Feb 08, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
