Protection of pumped storage power plants using vacuum generator circuit breaker (VGCB)

The pumped storage power plants (PSPP) are one of the commercially proven methods available for grid-scale energy storage. Building additional PSPPs particularly in the areas with high installed capacities of… Read more

Jul 01, 2019 | Group Of Authors

Major components you can spot while looking at opened LV and MV switchboards

Depending on the size of the building or factory site and whether the supply is high voltage or low voltage, there may be requirements for both a main high voltage… Read more

Jun 10, 2019 | Edvard

How to make calculation for a distribution substation 10/0.4 kV, 2×1600 kVA

Distribution substations with installed power of 2×1600 kVA are typical example of electrical power supply facilities which can be often seen all around the Europe and wider. By “calculation” of such a substation, it is assumed that...

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May 02, 2019 | Miodrag Kokotovic

4 essential ground-fault protective schemes you should know about

While ground-fault protective schemes may be elaborately developed, depending on the ingenuity of the relaying engineer, nearly all schemes in common practice are based on one or more of the… Read more

Oct 29, 2018 | Edvard

4 Crucial Switching Functions Of a MV Circuit Breaker (Facts You MUST Know)

The demands made on MV power systems, irrespective of the place of use of the circuit breakers, vary widely in nature. All these functions cannot obviously be performed with the… Read more

Oct 17, 2018 | Edvard

Standard tripping schemes and trip circuit supervision schemes for MV switchgear

Medium voltage switchgears are used for switching medium voltage loads through associated control, measuring, protective and regulating equipment. This operation also involves considerable manual intervention which therefore necessitates the fulfilment… Read more

Oct 08, 2018 | Edvard

Coordination analysis for a typical 13 kV distribution feeder of several lines

A typical 13 kV feeder of several lines at a distribution substation is shown in Figure 1. This is supplied from a 115 kV line through a 15/20/25 MVA transformer… Read more

Oct 01, 2018 | Edvard

Selection of relay for incoming and outgoing feeders for MV and LV MCC switchgears

Selection of proper relay is one of the most important stages to have a reliable network. In this article, selection of relay for incoming and outgoing feeders for LV switchgears… Read more

Jul 02, 2018 | Edvard

Current and voltage transformers (CTs and VTs) as protection’s eyes and ears

The CTs (current transformers) and VTs (voltage transformers) are provided in the plants to reduce the voltage and current values of the plant to values such as to be able… Read more

Jun 20, 2018 | Edvard

MV/LV Power Substations Design and Schematics Notes (Network Supply and Enclosure Types)

Early consultation with the local Electricity Distributor is essential for agreement on a mutually approved MV/LV substation to act as the intake point for a particular site. This consultation is… Read more

Jun 11, 2018 | Edvard