Metering
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Energy metering in LV/MV substations and utilities: Dos and don’ts in installation and operation
Energy meters are one of the most important components for monitoring and data acquisition in a power system network with roles in every part of the power system network, from the generation to the commercialized end-users, through multiple transmission and…...
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Aug 23, 2021 | By Bishal Lamichhane
Energy and Power
A few practical ways to determine required reactive energy compensation for a power system
This article will shed some light on how adding capacitors gives the distribution system the necessary reactive power to return the power factor to the required level. Capacitors act as a source of reactive energy, which accordingly reduces the reactive… Read more
Mar 01, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
Metering
How to make the right selection of a digital transducer for power system measurements
The accurate measurement of the voltage, current or other parameter of a power system is a prerequisite to any form of control, ranging from automatic closed-loop control to the recording of data for statistical purposes. Measurement of these parameters can… Read more
Aug 19, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
IEC and NEMA/IEEE ratings of current transformers (CTs) in medium voltage applications
First, let’s remind ourselves of the basics in a few sentences. That is something you must know. A current transformer (CT) is designed to produce a secondary current which is accurately proportional to the primary current. It consists of a… Read more
Jan 20, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Metering
Four special connections of current transformers in relay protection applications
As you should already know, current transformers are used for metering and relay protection purposes. When we are talking about current transformers used for metering, their performance is of interest during normal loading conditions. Metering transformers may have very significant… Read more
Dec 02, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Metering
With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.Upgrade
Field devices and signals used for LV SCADA operations
At low voltage level, SCADA applications are usually used for process control and monitoring of equipment. Furthermore, incoming circuit breakers or switch disconnectors inside large LV switchboards may also be operated remotely, by the command given from the SCADA working…...
Membership Upgrade Required
This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.Upgrade
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Sep 05, 2019 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
Energy and Power
Have you experienced an incorrectly specified CT that can’t be manufactured?
When a CT manufacturer says that he is unable to manufacture the requested CT, nine times out of ten this is because the CT has been incorrectly specified. To eliminate all the cumulated safety margins taken by all the people involved,… Read more
Mar 07, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
The essentials of MV/HV magnetic voltage transformers
Magnetic voltage transformers are used to provide a secondary signal that is proportional to the actual prevailing primary value. These signals are used to supply measuring instruments, meters, relays and other similar apparatuses. The primary values measured are system currents… Read more
Aug 14, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Metering
The most frequent errors in specifying current transformers (CTs)
Current transformers (CTs) form an essential link within the protection chain of electrical networks. Their specification, even if it is handled by specialists, often includes errors and is insufficiently optimized. This often leads to technological impossibilities, operating delays, extra costs,… Read more
Apr 24, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Top six solutions to achieve a high level of energy efficiency in buildings
Energy efficiency in commercial buildings involves providing a given level of performance, cost, quality, availability, and comfort at a minimal level of energy usage throughout the lifecycle of a given asset or process. Generally speaking, energy efficiency involves reducing energy… Read more
Mar 27, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
Basic three phase power measurements explained in details
Although single-phase electricity is used to supply common domestic and office electrical appliances, three phase alternating current (a.c.) systems are almost universally used to distribute electrical power and to supply electricity directly to higher power equipment. This technical article describes… Read more
Jan 13, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Metering
A case study of 110/10 kV substation with centralized protection, automation and control system
Centralized substation protection and control has been attempted in the past based on the available technology. This evolution is now at the intersection of sensing, protection and communication technologies, providing the unique opportunity to develop a more reliable and maintainable… Read more
Dec 21, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Industrial Automation
9 rules for correct cabling of the Modbus RS485 communication systems
The cabling of the industrial communication systems (Modbus RS485) is different in some ways from the cabling used for power cabling and the electrician may experience some difficulties if he is not an expert in Modbus communication networks. A Modbus RS485 connects a… Read more
Dec 07, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Direct and indirect measurements using CTs and VTs
In order to measure electrical quantities, the measuring instruments must be connected to the lines safely, with maximum simplicity and convenience. Generally, the fundamental parameters to be detected are voltage and current, which respectively require a parallel connection and a… Read more
Aug 31, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
Basic measuring of resistance, voltage and current using digital multimeter
Digital multimeter has generally replaced the analog-type multimeter as the test device of choice for maintainers because they are easier to read, are often more compact and have greater accuracy. Digital multimeter performs all standard analog-meter measurement functions of AC and DC…. Read more
Aug 15, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
