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Why more and more automation in power distribution? Aren’t we already automated?
One may wonder why is everybody talking more and more about automation in power distribution. Aren’t we already automated? Well, we are not. It can always be better, faster, with more possibilities and more optimized. This is something that pushes…...
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Feb 28, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
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Learn to recognize T&D pylons, foundations, insulators, cables, bushings and arresters
Recognizing the type of transmission & distribution pylons and their equipment is kind of hard if you don’t know where to look for. There are many variations that look similar and you must have sharp eyes to see the details…....
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Feb 20, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
How not to overspecify high voltage CTs and VTs
The installations wherein CTs and VTs are mounted to measure the normal and abnormal values of current and voltage, have many variations in key system parameters, including voltage class, insulation and short-circuit level, earthing type, rated current and burden, accuracy,… Read more
Feb 18, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Six steps for specifying IEC 61850 and substation automation requirements
It is not easy to read the IEC 61850 documents or to comprehend how the pieces all work together. When implementing systems as complex and as new as substation automation, substation engineers will need to work closely together with the… Read more
Feb 06, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
6 not-that-easy-to-understand terms related to a power transformer you should understand
There are many terms related to the power transformer operation that can be easily visualized which are especially important for students, like for example transformer construction or regular working principle. On the other hand, there are few not that easy… Read more
Jan 21, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
The basic things about substations you MUST know in the middle of the night!
To explain in very simple words, I would say that substation is a bunch of electrical devices gathered and connected in one place. On top are clever electrical devices who control and protect others in order to everything work properly…. Read more
Jan 09, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Protection scheme for the substation with a single supply from the utility
The utility supply voltage depends on both availability and consumer requirements. The consumer transformer is connected delta on the high-voltage side and grounded wye on the low-voltage side. A fused-disconnect switch provides three-phase switching and protection for the transformer, as… Read more
Jan 07, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Analysis of faults in machine and transformer windings
The analysis of faults in the synchronous machine and transformer windings presents a special difficulty because the effective impedances of the affected windings under internal fault conditions are not normally known. The methods of analysis are severely limited and are… Read more
Jan 02, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Protection scheme for remote private substation with small generator
Connections of private substations to utilities are made more complicated with the addition of private-owned generation facilities. The choice of relays and their placement must be made to ensure adequate protection of both the generator and the interface. The protection… Read more
Dec 12, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Typical utility-consumer interconnection configurations
The utility-consumer interconnection provides the path for power flow between supplier (utility) and user (consumer). The interconnection may comprise one or more circuits and is assumed to include voltage transformation. For the purposes of this guide, the interconnection extends from… Read more
Dec 10, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
10 unbalance detection schemes for removing failed capacitor bank from the system
The main purpose of an unbalance detection scheme is to remove a capacitor bank from the system in the event of a failure and fuse operation. This will prevent damaging overvoltages across the remaining capacitor units in the group where… Read more
Nov 26, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
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Main components of a Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) you should know about
Gas-insulated substations (GIS) use circuit breakers, disconnect switches, and grounding switches, and have various means of indicating their position, either opened or closed, so the same as in air-insulated substation (AIS). Operation of a GIS uses most of the same…...
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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Nov 23, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Coordinating study in protection of utility supply line, transformer and plant main bus/feeder
The installation of a dedicated substation to serve a plant actually involves an interface between the utility and the plant. Close coordination between utility and plant personnel is essential so that relaying, control and other related requirements are identified and… Read more
Nov 21, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Power transformer combined differential and restricted earth fault protection schemes
This technical article explains very important transformer protection methods and schemes: combined differential and REF, overfluxing, tank-earth and oil/gas protection. In previous article we described how overcurrent, restricted earth fault (REF) and differential protection of a transformer can be applied… Read more
Nov 14, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
Power transformer protection relaying (overcurrent, restricted earth fault & differential)
The problems relating to transformer temperature rise above an assumed maximum ambient temperature require some means of protection. Let’s summarize the problems and the possible forms of transformer protection that may be used. The considerations for a transformer protection vary… Read more
Nov 12, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
