Low Voltage
MV/LV Power Substations Design and Schematics Notes (Network Supply and Enclosure Types)
Early consultation with the local Electricity Distributor is essential for agreement on a mutually approved MV/LV substation to act as the intake point for a particular site. This consultation is usually before detailed knowledge of the plant or project is… Read more
Jun 11, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
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Critical role of time synchronisation in IEC 61850 based digital protection systems
The needs and exact precision of time synchronization in IEC 61850 based digital protection systems have evolved. With new technologies and better distribution methods, most modern intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) include at least one form of time synchronization. Many devices…...
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Jun 08, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
The story of IEC 61850 – A substation level data acquisition architecture and communication protocol
This technical article reviews substation level data acquisition architecture and communication protocol described in IEC 61850. IEC 61850 is the current international standard for substation automation (SA). The focus of IEC 61850 is to provide an interoperable standard for multivendor… Read more
May 09, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
The Most Used Outdoor Switchyard Layouts You Should Know About
The arrangement of outdoor switchgear layouts and installations is mostly influenced by economic considerations, in particular adaptation to the space available and the operational requirements of reliability and ease of supervision. Contents: Switchyard layout in general Selected layout examples: Low… Read more
May 07, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Three Common Transformer Phenomena That Should Worry Substation Engineers
Even with the best engineering practices, abnormal situations can arise that may produce damage to power transformer and other equipment and compromise the continuity of the delivery of quality power from the utility. So, let’s say a word about three… Read more
May 02, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
6 different types of relaying schemes to protect the EHV and UHV transmission lines
A substation can employ many relaying systems to protect the equipment associated with the station. The most important of these are: transmission and distribution lines emanating from the station, step-up and step-down transformers, station buses, breakers, shunt and series reactors… Read more
Apr 18, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Reliability Or Unreliability Of Capacitor Banks, Failure Modes and Case Ruptures
Several problems contribute to the overall reliability or unreliability of capacitor banks. In a detailed analysis of Kansas City Power & Light’s automated capacitor banks, Goeckeler reported that blown fuses are the biggest problem, but several other problems exist. Their automation… Read more
Apr 16, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Coordination problems in electrical networks that lead to nuisance CB tripping
There are a number of problems that commonly occur in industrial and commercial networks, and some of them are covered in the following paragraphs. Coordination malfunctioning is leading to nuisance tripping of circuit breakers and unwanted electrical effects. Let’s discover… Read more
Apr 11, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
HV Substation Equipment For Engineers In a Nutshell
Substations are locations where transmission lines are tied together. They fulfill a number of functions. One of them is that they allow power from different generating stations to be fed into the main transmission corridors. Power substations also provide a… Read more
Apr 09, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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The Essentials Of Substations, Electrical Equipment and Busbar Arrangements
Electrical power systems nowadays are generated, transmitted, and distributed in the form of alternating current. The electric power is produced at the power stations which are located in suitable places, generally quite away from the consumers. It is delivered to…...
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Apr 06, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
Design and Installation of Medium Voltage Switchgear (Facts You MUST Know)
When specifying and planning medium voltage switchgear for a substation, functions and influencing factors must be matched and an economically efficient solution must be found among the offerings of manufacturers. For this there is no simple recipe with an unambiguous… Read more
Mar 26, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Understanding Substation Single Line Diagrams and IEC 61850 Process Bus (Depicting Relay Circuits)
The single line diagram (SLD) is the most basic of the set of diagrams that are used to document the electrical functionality of the substation. Its emphasis is on communicating the functions of the power equipment and the associated protection… Read more
Mar 14, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Reading and Understanding AC and DC Schematics In Protection And Control Relaying
This technical article explains the AC/DC schematic representation of the protection and control systems used on power networks. This includes AC schematics and DC schematics and diagrams that prominently feature relaying. There are other equally important types of drawings that… Read more
Mar 12, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
AC Auxiliary Systems In Power Substations (Design Requirements and Equipment)
Substation AC auxiliary systems are typically used to supply loads such as transformer cooling, oil pumps, and load tap changers, circuit breaker air compressors and charging motors, outdoor device heaters, outdoor lighting and receptacles, motor-operated disconnecting switches and control house…. Read more
Feb 14, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Substation splitting and CB autoclosing for limitation of short-circuit currents
In this article, we describe method and technique of substation splitting and use of circuit breaker autoclosing that may be used for the control and limitation of the magnitude of short-circuit currents in both power system operational and design timescales…....
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Feb 02, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
