Energy and Power
How standby generators work and how to dimension them?
Standby generators are used in order to provide consumers in the system entitled to standby service in the event of breakdown or shutdown of the normal power supply. They consist of the generator, the flywheel and the motor. For the… Read more
Jul 26, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
What is distribution substation and its main components?
Distribution substation typically operates at 2.4 – 34.5 kV voltage levels, and deliver electric energy directly to industrial and residential consumers. Distribution feeders transport power from the distribution substations to the end consumers’ premises. These feeders serve a large number of premises… Read more
Jul 22, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Where and Why Do We Use Grounding Transformer (zig-zag, grounded wye-delta)
Grounding transformers are sometimes used on distribution systems. A grounding transformer provides a source for zero sequence current. Sometimes they are used to convert a 3-wire, ungrounded circuit into a 4-wire, grounded circuit. Figure 1 (see below) shows the two most common grounding transformers. The… Read more
Jun 08, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
High Voltage
Where Do We Use Arc Suppression Coil (Petersen Coil)?
The arc suppression coil (ASC), also known as Petersen coil, is used to compensate the capacitive earth fault currents supplied by outgoing feeders at a substation. The compensation can be either centralized or distributed. With the centralized design, one ASC… Read more
Jun 06, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Influence Of Electric Field and Clearances In EHV AIS Substation
Bus height is also governed and calculated by the fact that allowable electric field due to live conductor at man height should be less than permissible value as per guidelines laid down by EPRI AC transmission Line Reference Book –… Read more
May 27, 2016 | By Asif Eqbal
Power Substation
Clearance Requirements In EHV AIS Substation You MUST Respect
Starting point for planning a substation is its single line diagram (SLD) which relates to circuit configuration, number of bus bars and its type and other associated equipment. However from erection and installation point of view layout of any substation… Read more
May 25, 2016 | By Asif Eqbal
Cables
Shielding and Grounding Practices for Control Cables in EHV Substations
For several years, the increased application of solid-state devices for protective relaying and control and for electronic equipment, such as audio tones, carrier and microwave equipment, event recorders, and supervisory control equipment, in EHV substations has resulted in many equipment… Read more
May 20, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Does transformer hum make you nervous? It does me.
Noise is caused by magnetostricition (changes in shape) of the core laminations while the transformer is energized. Transformers emit a low-frequency, tonal noise that people living in their vicinity experience as an irritating “hum” and can hear even against a… Read more
May 04, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
3 Designs of DC Distribution Systems In Power Substations
The method of connection of the battery, battery charger, and DC distribution systems depends on the duty, the type or load, and whether the system needs to be duplicated or whether duplicate chargers are required. One typical example for a… Read more
Apr 20, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
10 Factors To Consider When Specifying Transformers
There are many factors that influence final specification of a transformer. However, the following ten factors MUST be considered when specifying transformers. Let’s name these ten factors: Kilovoltampere (kVA) Rating Voltage Ratings, Ratio, and Method of Connection (Delta or Wye) Voltage… Read more
Mar 28, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Matching transformers for parallel operation
The following rules must be obeyed in order to successfully connect two or more transformers in parallel with each other: The turns ratios of all of the transformers must be nearly equal. The phase angle displacements of all of the… Read more
Mar 16, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Defining size and location of capacitor in electrical system (1)
Type of Capacitor Bank as per Its Application: Fixed type capacitor banks Automatic type capacitor banks Types of APFC – Automatic Power Factor Correction Type of Capacitor as per Construction Selecting Size of Capacitor Bank Selection of Capacitor as per… Read more
Mar 04, 2016 | By Jignesh Parmar
Power Substation
Practical Considerations of LV/MV Private Substations
Private substations can often be considered as terminal type substations, i.e. substations where the MV line ends at the point of installation of the substation itself. They belong to the user and can supply both civil users (schools, hospitals, etc.)… Read more
Mar 04, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
How to determine the best location for earth electrode
A good, low-resistance earth electrode depends upon a low-resistivity soil in a spot where you can drive in your electrodes. There are two approaches to picking your location: Drive rods in various locations to such depths as may be required… Read more
Feb 24, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
5 conditions for perfect parallel operation of single phase transformers
In perfect parallel operation of two or more transformers, current in each transformer would be directly proportional to the transformer capacity, and the arithmetic sum would equal one-half the total current. In practice, this is seldom achieved because of small… Read more
Jan 23, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
