Power Substation
Matching transformers for parallel operation
The following rules must be obeyed in order to successfully connect two or more transformers in parallel with each other: The turns ratios of all of the transformers must be nearly equal. The phase angle displacements of all of the… Read more
Mar 16, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Defining size and location of capacitor in electrical system (1)
Type of Capacitor Bank as per Its Application: Fixed type capacitor banks Automatic type capacitor banks Types of APFC – Automatic Power Factor Correction Type of Capacitor as per Construction Selecting Size of Capacitor Bank Selection of Capacitor as per… Read more
Mar 04, 2016 | By Jignesh Parmar
Power Substation
Practical Considerations of LV/MV Private Substations
Private substations can often be considered as terminal type substations, i.e. substations where the MV line ends at the point of installation of the substation itself. They belong to the user and can supply both civil users (schools, hospitals, etc.)… Read more
Mar 04, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
How to determine the best location for earth electrode
A good, low-resistance earth electrode depends upon a low-resistivity soil in a spot where you can drive in your electrodes. There are two approaches to picking your location: Drive rods in various locations to such depths as may be required… Read more
Feb 24, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
5 conditions for perfect parallel operation of single phase transformers
In perfect parallel operation of two or more transformers, current in each transformer would be directly proportional to the transformer capacity, and the arithmetic sum would equal one-half the total current. In practice, this is seldom achieved because of small… Read more
Jan 23, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Underground substations – Out of sight, out of mind
Underground substations help to bring high voltage electricity directly into the city center. The stations are environmentally friendly, almost unnoticeable, and have none of the planning problems encountered by surface-built solutions. Building new transformer substations in inner-city zones or expanding… Read more
Jan 09, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Low Voltage
Electrical Distribution Architecture In Water Treatment Plants
For both drinking water and wastewater treatment, 4 different sizes of plants have been distinguished. The size of plants can be expressed in quantity of treated water per day, or in corresponding number of inhabitants. Four different types of (waste)… Read more
Jan 04, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
5 good circuit schemes to avoid HV substation outage
High voltage substations are points in the power system where power can be pooled from generating sources, distributed and transformed, and delivered to the load points. Substations are interconnected with each other so that the power system becomes a meshed… Read more
Jan 02, 2016 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
The good ventilation of switchgear and transformer rooms
In order to design a good ventilation of switchgear and transformer rooms, the air in the room must meet various requirements. The most important is not to exceed the permissible maximum temperature. Limit values for humidity and air quality, e.g…. Read more
Dec 18, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
The basics of primary medium voltage switchgear
Primary medium voltage switchgear represents an important part within the primary distribution substation functionality. The switchgear works as a connection node between the outgoing distribution feeders and the in-feeding power transformers. The most common construction with the switchgear is an… Read more
Dec 14, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Learn How To Specify Current Transformers
Current transformers are used to supply information to the protective relays and/or current, power and energy metering “instruments”. For this purpose they must supply a secondary current proportional to the primary current flowing through them and must be adapted to… Read more
Dec 05, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Industrial Automation
Hardware Implementation of Substation Control and Automation
To form a substation control system, the various elements described above must be assembled into some form of topology. Three major hardware topologies can be identified as being commonly used. Let’s get into details of each of hardware topologies: HMI based Topology RTU… Read more
Oct 28, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Balancing of single-phase loads to achieve energy efficiency
All single-phase loads, especially those with non-linear characteristics, in an electrical installation with a three-phase supply should be evenly and reasonably distributed among the phases. Such provisions are required to be demonstrated in the design for all three-phase 4-wire circuits… Read more
Oct 24, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
6 Voltages a Person Can Be Exposed To In a Substation
Figures 1 and 2 show the voltages a person can be exposed to in a substation. There are many definitions related to these voltages, but the following six are the most important. These definitions are: Ground potential rise (GPR) Mesh… Read more
Oct 09, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
The Basics Of Distribution Substations For Electrical Engineers (Beginners)
Distribution substations serve a wide range of private and public customers in distributing electric power. They can be shareholder, cooperatively, privately, and government owned. All substations contain power transformers and the voltage-regulating apparatus required for converting the high incoming sub-transmission… Read more
Oct 07, 2015 | By Edvard Csanyi
