Energy and Power
What Is The Basic Insulation Level (BIL)
Insulation levels are designed to withstand surge voltages, rather than only normal operating voltages. Since the transmission & distribution lines and substation equipment are protected by surge arresters draining the surges rapidly before the insulation is damaged, the arrester must… Read more
Dec 03, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Arrangements of LV Utility Distribution Networks (2)
Continued from the previous part: Arrangements of LV Utility Distribution Networks (1) In the past, an underground cable service or the wall-mounted insulated conductors from an overhead line service, invariably terminated inside the consumer’s premises, where the cable-end sealing box, the utility… Read more
Dec 01, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Arrangements of LV Utility Distribution Networks
In European countries the standard 3-phase 4-wire distribution voltage level is 230/400 V. Many countries are currently converting their LV systems to the latest IEC standard of 230/400 V nominal (IEC 60038). Medium to large-sized towns and cities have underground… Read more
Nov 30, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Steps to Ensure Effective Substation Grounding (Part 2)
Continued from previous article: Steps to Ensure Effective Substation Grounding (1) In previous technical article (part 1) was explained first five steps that will ensure a reliable, safe and trouble-free substation grounding system. Here we will explain the last six steps:… Read more
Nov 10, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Steps to ensure effective substation grounding (Part 1)
An electrical substation is a critical resource in a power system. Safe operation of a substation calls for a properly designed and installed grounding system. A well-designed grounding system will ensure reliable performance of the substation over its entire service life. How does… Read more
Nov 09, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Cables
Cable engineering in substations and power plants
Is it true that single core cable should be unarmored because eddy currents are induced in armor of single core cable which will cause additional losses? If true then why not three core cables also unarmored and why single core… Read more
Oct 22, 2012 | By Asif Eqbal
Energy and Power
Testing and Commissioning of Current Transformer
This technical article is prepared to help the commissioning personnel effectively perform and carry out the testing and commissioning tasks on current transformers before taking the equipment to service condition. General testing procedures for the current transformers (CTs) described in… Read more
Oct 19, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Switching Impulse Test of the Transformer
The switching impulse test is applied to confirm the withstand of the transformer’s insulation against excessive voltages occurring during switching. During the switching impulse voltage test, the insulation between windings and between winding and earth and withstand between different terminals… Read more
Oct 11, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Fire-Fighting Precautions in Power Substation
The layout of the plant and the design of the building play a major part in reducing the spread of fire and the effect of explosions. For example, equipment and buildings should be arranged to have vents which rupture rather… Read more
Oct 09, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Designing of HV Power Substation and Layout
Introduction Earthing and Bonding Substation Earthing Calculation Methodology (Earthing Materials) Layout of Substation Different Layouts for Substations (single busbar, mesh, 1 1/2 cb) Principle of Substation Layouts (spatial separation, maintenance zones) Components of a Substation (cbs, cts, isolators, insulation, transformers etc.) Substations are the… Read more
Oct 01, 2012 | By sprabakar22
Power Substation
Transformers Connected Directly to Generators
Power transformers connected directly to generators can experience excitation and short-circuit conditions beyond the requirements defined by ANSI/IEEE standards. Special design considerations may be necessary to ensure that a power transformer is capable of withstanding the abnormal thermal and mechanical aspects that… Read more
Sep 01, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Site Conditions Impact on Caterpillar Genset Ratings
An engine rating is primarily limited by structural and thermal limits. These limits include maximum cylinder pressure during combustion, turbocharger speed, exhaust gas temperature and in natural gas engines, fuel type. Where an engine operates relative to these limits will determine the maximum altitude and ambient… Read more
Aug 17, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Principles of Transformers in Parallel Connection
For supplying a load in excess of the rating of an existing transformer, two or more transformers may be connected in parallel with the existing transformer. The transformers are connected in parallel when load on one of the transformers is… Read more
Aug 06, 2012 | By Jignesh Parmar
Energy and Power
Bus Design In Aboveground Substations
Substations can be constructed partly or entirely within aboveground or belowground enclosures. However, cost is high and complexity is increased by fire-protection and heat-removal needs. The following discussion deals with exposed aboveground substations. The bus and associated substation equipment are… Read more
Jul 21, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
Field Inspection of New Medium-Voltage Switchgear
Step Description of what you should do 1.1 Check switchgear assembly for alignment, levelness, and tightness of all bolting. 1.2 Check all equipment for the removal of blocking, supports, temporary ties, and temporary jumper wires. 1.3 Check control power transformer… Read more
Jul 16, 2012 | By Edvard Csanyi
