Maintenance
Bringing new life to an old Air-Insulated Substation (AIS)
An increasing number of substations globally are aging, while the construction of new ones is hindered by competitive limitations, rigorous environmental rules, and community acceptance issues. Simultaneously, the demand for electricity is consistently escalating, resulting in increased short circuit levels… Read more
Nov 07, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
What is a Load Tap Changer (LTC)?
We all experienced the ocasional flickering of the house lights during evenings. This usually indicates a load tap changer (LTC) adjustment, or a sign that the bulb is about to drop dead, but that’s not the subject of this article… Read more
Nov 04, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Failures, Testing and Protections Associated with Field Winding of a Generator
Generator field winding is an integral part of the generator set which is responsible for generating the magnetic field that induces the stator emf when the rotor rotates. Regulation of current in this winding with the help of an AVR… Read more
Oct 30, 2024 | By Umer Nasir
Maintenance
Practical lesson in grounding and bonding of Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS)
With the exception of SF6-to-air bushings terminals, all active portions of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) are contained within grounded enclosures, which means that they are not susceptible to inadvertent contact. This makes gas-insulated switchgear intrinsically safe. In addition, numerous grounding procedures… Read more
Oct 09, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
The art of fault clearance in transmission systems: The logic of main and backup relays
The protection and fault clearance requires great attention. In terms of fault clearance protection, we categorize the relays into main protection relays and backup protection relays. The main protection relay is installed at all primary equipment, and it is essential… Read more
Sep 30, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Mastering Distance Protection and Calculations: Never Mess Up Protection Accuracy
The first part of this article series delved into the fundamentals of overcurrent protection, exploring the intricacies of relay coordination, the impact of source impedance, and the application of distance protection. These foundational concepts laid the groundwork for understanding how…...
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Sep 23, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Power Substation
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Mastering Distance Protection and Calculations: Advice and Serious Warnings
In 2004, I embarked on an intensive nine-month training program in protection and instrumentation. This experience laid the foundation for my deep understanding of substation protection systems, combining both theoretical knowledge and practical application. The first protection scheme we delved…...
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Sep 09, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Power Substation
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Dos and don’ts in site testing and commissioning distribution and transmission plants
The objective of the site inspection and test plan for testing and commissioning is to establish a comprehensive framework for conducting site testing and commissioning activities. It’s as simple as that! The site testing and commissioning of a transmission or…...
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Sep 02, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Maintaining the integrity and earth resistance of substation earthing systems
At the beginning of my career in 2005, I had the opportunity to work at a 500kV substation with the National Transmission and Dispatch Company in Pakistan. During this time, I was introduced to various tools and techniques that were…...
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Aug 26, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Power Substation
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How to Design Effective Substation Grounding (Practical Tips)
Substation earthing, or grounding, is essential for electrical safety and reliability in substations, which are critical nodes in the power distribution network. Proper earthing ensures safe dissipation of fault currents into the ground, preventing dangerous voltage build-ups that could cause…...
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Aug 12, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Power Substation
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The Job of an Electrical Commissioning Engineer (Activities and Real World Examples)
This article aims to cover the activity of electrical commissioning. Such a task in its entirety would be immense. Commissioning can mean many things in different instances. This article aims to give a philosophical and high level conceptual overview of…...
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Aug 05, 2024 | By Kitab Paul Shah
Energy and Power
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Handy earthing guidelines for true engineers
In the world of electrical engineering, ensuring the safety and reliability of power systems is paramount. A critical aspect of this is the proper implementation of earthing and bonding systems. This article delves into the fundamental concepts and applications of…...
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Jul 29, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Energy and Power
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How (should) power utilities handle grid failures by utilizing mobile substations
Every nation has numerous vital facilities that are largely dependent on electricity to function. Infrastructures that are critical to a quick response to outages include the public health system, the communications sector, and government services like emergency first responders. Nonetheless,…...
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Jul 22, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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How to: Isolation, maintenance, and restoration of a 132kV GIS Transformer Bay and Line Bay
This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide to the standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the isolation, maintenance, and restoration of a 132kV GIS Transformer Bay and Line Bay. It will delve into detailed safety checks, specific steps to be…...
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Jul 15, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Power Substation
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Dangerous threats that can compromise operation of modern digital substations and IEDs
Digital substations are pretty fragile in terms of various kinds of threats. Yes, they are advanced and have a vast number of highly effective protection and control features, but this time, we’ll talk about the threats that can possibly compromise…...
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Jul 08, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
