Often wrongly interpreted: Terminals, isolating links and bars in wiring diagrams and schematics
Terminals and other connecting elements, such as CT/VT shorting and isolating links, test blocks, and earthlings, often need to be better understood in analysing wiring diagrams and schematics. This can badly impact the testing and maintenance process, and sometimes, it…...
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May 20, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Substation Equipment Maintenance: Often Neglected Until Something Big Drops Dead
The aging process starts the moment new substation equipment is put into service; how quickly it happens depends on a number of factors, including the equipment’s use, the environment, the quality of maintenance, and many more. However, things aren’t the… Read more
May 13, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Mastering Electrical Schematics: From Circuit Topology to Switching Classifications
This technical article aims to delve into various aspects of electrical schematics, symbol representation, and isolation methodologies, shedding light on fundamental concepts and practical applications within the field. From the intricacies of electrical connection and circuit topology to the symbolism…...
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May 06, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
A must-have checklist for IEC 61850 communications in digital substations
This article aims to inform the reader of important considerations when designing an IEC 61850 based substation communication system. There is a brief background introduction to substation communications, to give the reader context for the implementation of IEC 61850 based…...
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Apr 22, 2024 | By Kitab Paul Shah
The Brain of a Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS): The Bay Local Control Cabinet (LCC)
A local control cabinet (LCC) is commonly installed at each bay location to house the wiring of the GIS bay circuits and connect it to the substation control room. The LCC comprises a mimic diagram, switches, indicators, and annunciator interlocks,… Read more
Apr 15, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Intricacies of a breaker pole discrepancy and its implications for substation operation
This article delves into the realm of pole discrepancy in high voltage circuit breakers, shedding light on its mechanisms, applications, and the pivotal role it plays in enhancing system reliability. From understanding the choice between gang (three-pole) and independent (single-pole)…...
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Apr 08, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Practical Design Rules for Protection System Engineers
Relay protection and the whole bunch of protection system engineering around the substation are quite interesting from the point of view of creativity. The Control and Protection System technology in a substation is very important because it watches over, protects,…...
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Apr 01, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Circuit breaker schematics in a nutshell: Tripping, closing and blocking coil arrangements
This technical article embarks on a comprehensive exploration of various facets of circuit breaker technology, traversing from the fundamental principles of solenoid coils to the sophisticated mechanisms of SF6 density monitoring circuits. Delving into the intricacies of circuit breaker tripping…...
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Mar 25, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Best Practices for CT and VT Selection
Electrical systems normally use current and voltage transformers for protection and measurement purposes. They represent the power system’s eyes and ears, and it’s essential to fully understand how they work, how to make the correct specification and most importantly, the… Read more
Mar 18, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Mastering DC supply selection schemes for HV control and protection panels
In this article, we will explore various aspects related to DC supply selection schemes, the rationale behind their necessity, and the importance of redundancy and reliability in maintaining uninterrupted power to control and protection panels. Additionally, we will delve into…...
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Mar 11, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Transformers in plant power distribution: The bigger picture
This technical article provides an overview of the various choices and assists electrical engineers in determining the criteria that should be included in the transformer specifications in order to meet the requirements of their particular application. A power plant often… Read more
Mar 04, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
Substation control and monitoring systems: The eyes and ears of every power system
To ensure the substation is run efficiently, a control and monitoring systems are needed. These systems should display the current status of all plant equipment, including alarms and secondary system indicators. They should also provide digital outputs to open and… Read more
Feb 05, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi
A journey through components commonly found in control and protection schematics
In this article, we embark on a journey through various components commonly found in various electrical diagrams, control and protection schematics, shedding light on their functions, symbols, and significance in the grand orchestration of electrical systems. These are extremely important…...
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Jan 29, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Want to learn to analyze electrical schematics? Great! But first, you must understand these.
This technical article delves into a diverse array of switches and components that are fundamental to the operation and control of electrical systems. Starting with the basics like TURN, PULL, and PUSH switches, we navigate through the intricacies of latching…...
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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Jan 15, 2024 | By Muhammad Kashif
Twelve ultimate mistakes when selecting circuit protection for low-voltage equipment
To be honest, a circuit breaker is fairly simple device. However, the process of specifying circuit protection is often complicated and unclear, leading many engineers to either include insufficient or excessive protection in their equipment designs. Insufficiently protected circuits expose… Read more
Jan 08, 2024 | By Edvard Csanyi

