Mastering single line and wiring diagrams: MV earth fault protection

This technical article continues the series of articles dedicated to mastering single line and wiring diagrams of medium voltage switchgear. This time, the subject is the principle, and realization of…...

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Mar 26, 2020 | Miodrag Kokotovic

AC and DC facilities in electrical station services of major power plant types

In a power plant, the electrical station services (abbreviated to SS in the following) consists of all the DC facilities from 24 to 220 V and AC facilities up to…...

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Mar 23, 2020 | Edvard

Mastering single line and wiring diagrams: Interlocking between MV cubicles

There are numerous variations of MV switchgear topology, measurement, and control logic. However, there are also some basic rules related to these aspects which may be frequently seen in practice,…...

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Mar 12, 2020 | Miodrag Kokotovic

An overview of transformer connections and diagrams in the electric power system

Power transformers are used extensively by traditional electric utility companies, power plants, and industrial plants. This technical article summarizes the basic types, connections, and diagrams of transformers needed for analyzing…...

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Mar 05, 2020 | Edvard

When can we say that earthing arrangement is safe for people (confusions in practice)

This article will analyse some of the most important safety issues related to design and use of LV electrical installations. Besides explanation of relevant terms in this field defined by…...

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Feb 28, 2020 | Miodrag Kokotovic

Design and control considerations for an example of the waste water pumping station

Waste water pumping stations are very common application examples of three phase induction motor. There are numerous varieties of power supply and control logic, depending on exact conditions in the…...

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Feb 14, 2020 | Miodrag Kokotovic

Lessons I learned during installation and wiring of LV switchboard

Let’s start with some basic definitions from the United States National Electrical Code (NEC). An LV switchboard is generally defined as a large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels…...

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Feb 05, 2020 | Amar M

How does low voltage protection unit work and what’s the most important to understand

If we are talking about LV applications, protection (or trip) unit is functional part of circuit breaker, and in most cases, they are physically integrated in the same housing as…...

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Jan 23, 2020 | Miodrag Kokotovic

How to avoid common mistakes during wiring and startup of power factor correction (PFC) cubicle

Power factor correction (PFC) and reactive power compensation (RPC) are often used as synonyms in practice. Although they are similar and mutually dependent terms, they don’t represent the same thing…....

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Jan 16, 2020 | Miodrag Kokotovic

The art of arc-protection relaying in MV applications

Arc-flash detection relays are superior and provide much faster arc-flash detection times compared to the differential relays. With modern arc-flash detection technology, this detection time is of the order of…...

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Jan 08, 2020 | Edvard