The art of the transmission switchyard design: The physical layout engineering (Case study included)
This article aims to shed some light on the so-called physical engineering activity in switchyard design in conjunction with some engineering computations. The physical layout engineering tackles the plot plan…...
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Oct 02, 2023 | By Salem Alshahrani

Mastering stability test of power transformer: Differential and Restricted Earth Fault (REF) protection
This technical article discusses the essentials of transformer differential protection and restricted earth fault protection schemes, contrasting the two and elaborating on why the latter is necessary. Furthermore, it reveals…...
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Sep 25, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif

Field secrets and warnings in power transformer mechanical check and visual inspection
Let’s discuss the visual and mechanical inspection procedures for oil-filled power transformers. It’s important, very important to examine a variety of key checkpoints, both external and internal to transformers, all…...
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Sep 11, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif

A comprehensive guide to correct calculation for transformer differential relay settings
In this technical article, we will delve into the comprehensive methodology of calculating the differential relay settings for the GE P642 relay. Each step of the process will be explored,…...
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Aug 28, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif

Never underestimate how important it is to choose the right CT size in fault detection and protection
In the realm of electrical power systems, current transformers (CTs) play a vital role in accurately measuring and monitoring current levels. Proper sizing of CTs is essential to ensure their…...
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Aug 14, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif

Advice and warnings for proper handling, earthing and testing of current transformers
Welcome to the third and final part of our comprehensive series on current transformers (CTs) and their secondary circuits. In Parts 1 and 2, we covered various aspects of CT…...
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Jul 31, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif

A detailed checklist for the installation and commissioning of Gas-Insulated Substations (GIS)
Gas-insulated substations (GIS) are critical components of modern electrical power systems, providing efficient and compact solutions for the transmission and distribution of electricity. These substations utilize sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas…...
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Jul 17, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif

Comprehensive Guide to Secondary Injection Testing of the Current Transformers (Part 2)
Welcome to the second part of our three-part series on current transformers (CTs) and their secondary circuits. In Part 1, we explored the fundamental principles of CT operation, the importance…...
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Jul 03, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif

Comprehensive Guide to Secondary Injection Testing of the Current Transformers (Part 1)
Welcome to the first part of our three-part series on current transformers (CTs) and their secondary circuits. In this series, we will delve into the intricacies of CT operation, explore…...
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Jun 19, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif

The good and bad practices in the commissioning of current transformers in a substation
In the previous technical article (check here), we delved into primary injection testing and the commissioning of current transformers. We explored the primary and secondary sides of current transformers, learned…...
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Jun 05, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif

Primary injection testing and CTs commissioning in power substations (for true engineers)
Primary injection testing is a vital procedure in the commissioning and maintenance of current transformers (CTs). These transformers are integral components of electrical systems, enabling precise measurement and effective protection…...
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May 29, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif

Dos and don’ts in creating operation logic diagrams for LV and MV switchgear feeders
Dealing with the switchgear operation logic diagrams is like setting the brain functions. It needs vigilance and patience from design engineer supported with hours and hours of testing and operation…...
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May 15, 2023 | By Muhammad Kashif

Earthing system for a complex project: Analysis, calculation and installation (XLSX, DWG)
Creating safety measures against various faults that can be fatal for a human is a critical task that electrical designers and site engineers must consider in any project. Furthermore, instability…...
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May 01, 2023 | By Mohammed Ayman

Dos and don’ts in designing substation layout, implementing interlocks, operation and special applications
It’s always good to emphasize that substations can be a major headache for staff if they’re not designed properly. Because of this, it is essential for the success of a…...
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Apr 17, 2023 | By Salem Alshahrani

Design Knowhow: Low voltage substation layouts, earthing, fire protection and tests
The design of a low-voltage substation is a pretty complex and quite exciting job to do. If the designer would have complete freedom to make decisions regarding the substation layout,…...
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Apr 03, 2023 | By Mohammed Ayman
