The mystery of nuisance tripping incidents in transformer protection that worry engineers
This technical article deals with transformer failure incidents due to nuisance tripping caused by various design flaws, operational conditions, or improper protection relay settings. The focus is on differential protection and ground protection, as they account for a considerable number…...
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Feb 22, 2021 | By Salem Alshahrani
Sizing of 110V DC charger for MV panels – Auxiliary power supply in power substations
An auxiliary DC power system that consists of a charger, battery bank, DC distribution system, and monitoring system is a critical part of the primary/secondary substation. It is directly associated with the mechanism of fault detection, trip coil operation, remote…...
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Feb 08, 2021 | By Bishal Lamichhane
Recommendations for the successful erection of medium voltage switchgear
Electrical engineers working on project execution know that switchgear erection brings many challenges, no matter the voltage level. The switchgear cannot always be assembled in the factory and shipped to the site as a complete plant, so it is usually…...
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Feb 01, 2021 | By Edvard Csanyi
Learn how to read and analyze control circuits of MV gas insulated switchgear (GIS)
The single-line diagram example for a double-bus and a single breaker clarifies several concepts that are for the GIS only. It is challenging to comprehend and grasp the control circuits due to the interrelated components and functions that impose additional…...
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Jan 25, 2021 | By Salem Alshahrani
Mastering GIS control circuits: AC/DC auxiliary circuits and circuit breaker closing circuit
A gas-insulated substation (GIS) is usually utilized in high voltage applications in which all conductive parts are encapsulated in sealed cylinders with SF6 as the insulating medium. The air-insulated substation (AIS), on the other hand, has air as an insulating…...
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Jan 11, 2021 | By Salem Alshahrani
Ten most dangerous mistakes in the operation of low voltage switchgear (you should be aware of)
Low-voltage equipment is generally classified as any equipment that requires a rating of less or equal to 1000 volts to operate. With a majority of electrically driven equipment falling under this category in industrial environments, this technical article focuses on…...
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Dec 28, 2020 | By Ezeala Winner
Mastering switchgear control circuits: trip, BCPU and alarm, indication, and interlock circuits
In the previous article, an introductory part of the switchgear control circuits, including DC/AC circuits and breaker closing circuit, was discussed thoroughly. This article continues the discussion with a breaker trip circuit, bay control-protection unit (BCPU) & alarm circuit, indication…...
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Dec 14, 2020 | By Salem Alshahrani
Mastering switchgear control circuits – AC/DC circuits and circuit breaker closing circuit
Control circuits are vital to the operation of medium voltage switchgear. The integrity of these control circuits is essential to the switchgear’s proper operation, so commissioning and maintenance activities records are extremely important for troubleshooting practices. Furthermore, one has to…...
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Nov 30, 2020 | By Salem Alshahrani
Learn how to draft the layout and arrangement drawing of 33/11 kV distribution substation
Medium voltage substations fall within the sub-transmission power system category, which feeds the bulk consumers directly or facilitates the secondary and tertiary distribution to small industrial and household consumers over an area after a suitable stepping down of voltage. Because…...
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Nov 17, 2020 | By Bishal Lamichhane
Mastering Motor Control Center (MCC): Wiring diagrams and equipment from zero to hero
This article explains the standard MCCs components using the single-line and wiring diagrams to interpret the functionality of each component and the integral MCC function. The single line and the wiring drawings are a language of pictures that require comprehension…...
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Nov 02, 2020 | By Salem Alshahrani
Testing and commissioning of MV/HV switchgear (wiring, final inspection and checks)
This article continues the series of articles dedicated to the erection, testing and commissioning of MV/HV switchgear by describing the most important precautions and recommendations in various procedures and steps. Starting from the wiring of low voltage command and signal…...
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Oct 28, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Guide to erection and commissioning of MV/HV switchgear (Inspection, installation and assembly)
Erection and commissioning of MV/HV switchgear are quite complex and full of tiny little details that can easily make your project slow down or even stop. Not to mention deadlines and penalties which are hanging over everybody’s heads involved in…...
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Oct 26, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Why remote racking of LV/MV circuit breakers is a smart investment but so rare to see?
Circuit breaker racking is one of the most prominent exercises in the power system that exposes an operator to risk. A sudden malfunction during the racking process can induce catastrophic consequences to the operator and entire premises. Older breakers with…...
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Oct 19, 2020 | By Bishal Lamichhane
13 terms concerning relaying, measurements, and breakers used by protection engineers
It’s not unusual to see graduates and engineers from other disciplines experience difficulties in properly interpreting the terminology used in applying relays, analyzing their performance, and designing protection systems. Actually, this is normal, but during the project, this lack makes…...
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Oct 07, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Learn how to analyze MV switchgear wiring diagrams and single line diagram
The capability of reading different types of drawings is an essential skill to perform almost all of the engineering tasks. The engineering drawings form the building blocks of industry method to convey detailed information to implement, gather, troubleshoot, maintain, and…...
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Oct 05, 2020 | By Salem Alshahrani

