We can load distribution transformer heavily when it is cold, but when it’s hot…
Distribution transformers (commonly mineral-oil-immersed type) are output rated and their loading and sizing guidelines of many utilities are based on ANSI/IEEE C57.91. Distribution transformers can deliver their rated kVA without exceeding temperature rise limits when the following conditions apply: The…...
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Nov 09, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
3 Applications Of Capacitor Banks Used To Correct The Load Power Factor
Capacitors are used in industrial premises for two basic functions: the first, to correct the load power factor, usually to meet the supplying authority’s supply requirements and avoid tariff penalties if the required power factor is not met, and the…...
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Oct 27, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
4 basic designs of an offshore wind farm collector system and important parameters
As the power capacity of offshore wind farms increases, the adequacy of the wind farm electrical system becomes critical. The efficiency, cost, reliability and performance of the overall wind farm will depend, to a great extent, on the electrical system…...
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Oct 01, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
4 crucial devices used for distribution system protection (selection and installation tips)
A wide variety of equipment is used to protect distribution networks. The particular type of protection used depends on the system element being protected and the system voltage level. And even though there are no specific standards for the overall…...
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Sep 15, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Reactive power and power factor measurement in industrial plant
A varmeter is used to measure the reactive power in an industrial plant that is supplied by an 8300-V, three-phase, four-wire line. The plant load is estimated to be 300 kVA at 0.8 pf. Design a suitable measuring system. The…...
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Jul 31, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Practical methods of reducing noise and interference on cables
A few practical methods of reducing noise will be examined in this technical article. These include a quantitative consideration of the effects of shielding, cable spacing, earthing (or grounding) and a note of specific problem areas on which to concentrate…....
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Jul 15, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Step by step calculation of overload and short circuit currents
In a heating system a motor-driven pump with a power of 200 kW, cos φ = 0.88, η = 0.93 is connected through an overhead cable with 1= 45 m (Figure 1). Let’s see the calculation of the following: Operating…...
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Jun 26, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Transformer protection systems and their primary switching arrangements
The protection of power transformers is not just a question of detecting faults within the windings, cores, or tank. It’s very often a question of how the transformer is integrated into the station or system. The detection and clearing of…...
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Jun 12, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
How backup protection is used to improve fault-clearing system in HV networks
All elements in the fault-clearing system do not always operate correctly. Protection relays may fail to operate or may operate unwantedly. Switching devices may fail to interrupt the fault current. Common practice is to use several protection systems operating in…...
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Jun 05, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
Generator stability and what happens when it’s out of step
Generators can really be described as the reason for being a power station. The operation of the turbine-generator system is second in criticality only to the operation of the nuclear reactor and the associated HP steam systems. The fundamental principles…...
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May 27, 2017 | By Edvard Csanyi
What Standards To Use For Transformer Oil Testing?
ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) has developed the standards for oil testing. The following tests we recommended for a complete analysis of a transformer’s oil: The dielectric breakdown is an indication of the oil’s ability to withstand electrical…...
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Nov 15, 2011 | By Edvard Csanyi
