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Category 'Premium Content' - Technical Articles

Technical articles in the “Premium Contents” category are fully accessible to Premium Members only. Electrical engineering guides, specialist technical articles, and papers authored by experienced electrical engineers are all available to premium users. As an electrical engineer working in the Low-, Medium-, or High-Voltage fields, it will help you develop the professional technical skills you’ll need on the job.

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Power Substation

Substation Equipment: From Type Testing to Factory and Site Acceptance Testing (FAT, SAT)

In power systems, reliability is not achieved by design alone. It is established through a structured process of verification, validation, inspection, and testing carried out at different stages of the equipment lifecycle. Whether the equipment is a power transformer, switchgear…...

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Mar 23, 2026 | By

Substation Equipment: From Type Testing to Factory and Site Acceptance Testing (FAT, SAT)
Energy Generation

Connecting a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) to the Grid: Design Issues and Warnings

Energy resources are the backbone of every country in the world. As we are currently witnessing the beginning of the world’s biggest energy crisis in the last 80 years, I believe that every country is now reviewing its energy capacities…...

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Mar 09, 2026 | By

Connecting a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) to the Grid: Design Issues and Warnings
Maintenance

Substation Maintenance Transition Toward Clever Data-driven Asset Management

This article explores the complete spectrum of substation maintenance philosophies from Corrective and Preventive Maintenance to Predictive, Condition-Based, and ultimately Risk-Based Maintenance (RBM). It explains how each approach evolved, where it fits within modern substations, and how utilities can transition…...

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Feb 23, 2026 | By

Substation Maintenance Transition Toward Clever Data-driven Asset Management
Power Substation

Field practice in moving from an old SCADA-based to a modern substation automation system (SAS)

This article gives a systematic and pragmatic look into Substation Automation Systems, dealing with the constraints of traditional (now old) SCADA-based substations and advancing to modern SAS systems. We’ll discuss the strong arguments and field practice in moving from hardwired automation,…...

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Feb 09, 2026 | By

Field practice in moving from an old SCADA-based to modern substation automation system (SAS)
Energy and Power

Facing “As Built” substation drawings that barely match construction drawings

Have you experienced “As Built” substation drawings that significantly differ from the original documents provided by the engineer for construction? Diverse factors cause these modifications in the field. However, in almost all instances, modifications to the design in the field…...

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Jan 26, 2026 | By

Facing “As Built” substation drawings that barely match construction drawings
Industrial Automation

Cybersecurity of the Eight Most Used Industrial Protocols

The main goal in the industrial world is to prevent major disruptions in controlled processes, but protecting the information system and the data it contains is also an important concern. As a result, successful attacks can have catastrophic implications. Regardless…...

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Jan 12, 2026 | By

Cybersecurity of the Nine Most Used Industrial Protocols
Power Substation

Installation Precautions for Substation Secondary Equipment

The design of the high-voltage substation must include consideration for the safe operation and maintenance of the secondary equipment. The substation secondary systems are those systems which provide the functionality necessary to ensure safety of personnel engaged in operation of…...

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Dec 29, 2025 | By

Installation Precautions for Substation Secondary Equipment
Energy and Power

The Rise of Harmonic Distortion in Modern Power Systems

Modern power systems are undergoing a profound transformation. The rise of harmonic distortion is becoming a huge problem. The traditional grid once dominated by large synchronous generators and linear loads—has evolved into a complex, inverter-rich network driven by renewable generation,…...

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Dec 15, 2025 | By

The Massive Rise of Harmonic Distortion in Power Systems
Power Substation

Five Construction Issues That Do Not Follow the Engineering Design (And Why They Matter)

High-voltage substations—especially modern AIS/GIS installations up to 400 kV—are engineered with extreme precision. Every cable, conductor, grounding conductor, insulator, and steel structure is designed according to exact assumptions: soil models, thermal limits, mechanical forces, environmental conditions, lightning protection angles, and…...

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Dec 01, 2025 | By

Five Construction Issues That Do Not Follow the Engineering Design (And Why They Matter)
Power Substation

Five phenomena that could collapse the entire power system

Extreme contingencies typically indicate events that lead to the unavailability of numerous power system components or a cascading failure, such as the loss of transmission lines along a common right-of-way or faults with delayed clearance (e.g., a jammed breaker or protection…...

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Nov 17, 2025 | By

Five phenomena that could collapse the entire power system
Power Substation

Why do existing substations need to be automated

Let’s be honest, substation control and protection technology is advancing so fast that it’s amazing how quickly some of us become nostalgic for the past. That period used to be 20-30 years, but nowadays it’s about just 5-10 years. I’m not…...

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Nov 03, 2025 | By

Why do existing substations need to be automated
Energy and Power

Preventing new grid connections from creating unacceptable disturbances for other users

To be honest, power grids are not perfect; on the contrary, most of them are far, far away from perfect, or even good. Therefore, what makes a power grid perfect or good? Well, in a power industry, maintaining voltage quality…...

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Oct 20, 2025 | By

Preventing new grid connections from creating unacceptable disturbances for other users
Power Substation

Blind Spots in Power Plant Commissioning: What You’re Overlooking

Commissioning of a power plant or an industrial plant is not that simple, on contrary, it’s full of hidden traps and logical challenges. In power plants, the generating units are substantial operational blocks, tested individually alongside the water or fuel…...

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Oct 06, 2025 | By

Blind Spots in Power Plant Commissioning: What You’re Overlooking
Power Substation

New Substation Technologies You Should Know About

The design of substations is to deliver a cost-effective solution that, to the extent feasible, exhibits high availability, reliability, and operational flexibility. This rule applies to both newly constructed and 40-year-old substations from a utility standpoint. Although this is feasible,…...

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Sep 22, 2025 | By

New Substation Technologies You Should Know About
Energy and Power

P28 Study in Modern Power Systems: What Is It and Why It Matters So Much Nowadays

The reliable operation of modern power systems depends not only on the robustness of infrastructure but also on the technical standards that govern their design, operation, and connection requirements. In the United Kingdom, these standards are developed and maintained by…...

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Sep 08, 2025 | By

P28 Study in Modern Power Systems: What Is It and Why It Matters Nowadays


Learn How to Design Power Systems

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Experience matters. Premium membership gives you an opportunity to study specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers written by experienced electrical engineers.
This whitepaper by OMICRON explores the fundamental shift in substation automation testing from hardware-dependent setups to virtualized, software-defined verification.