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Category 'Premium Content' - Technical Articles

Technical articles in the “Premium Contents” category are fully accessible to Premium Members only. Electrical engineering guides, specialist technical articles, and papers authored by experienced electrical engineers are all available to premium users. As an electrical engineer working in the Low-, Medium-, or High-Voltage fields, it will help you develop the professional technical skills you’ll need on the job.

Premium Content

Hardware and software components of energy management systems (EMS) and SCADA

The complete Energy Management System (EMS) system along with SCADA and the front-end systems have been identified as one of the more complex systems deployed. The only system that could be considered to be more complex than the EMS is…...

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Mar 23, 2018 | By

Hardware and software components of energy management systems (EMS) and SCADA
Energy Generation

Why does generator-current breaking differ from other switching devices in T&D systems

There are few switching situations that differ from the duties standardized for switching devices in transmission and distribution systems. One of these special situations are generator-current breaking. Generator circuit-breakers are breakers applied at a rated voltage matching the rated voltage…...

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Mar 09, 2018 | By

Why does generator-current breaking differ from other switching devices in T&D systems
Premium Content

Meet the Real Heart of Power System Operations – The Transmission Control Center

The transmission control centre is the real heart of every utility’s power system operations. Typical transmission control centres have three main desks – the generation, transmission and scheduling desk. Let’s take look at three main transmission and other support desks…...

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Feb 23, 2018 | By

Transmission Control Center - The Heart of System Operations
Premium Content

Five telecommunication systems embedded in smart grid applications and services

Power utilities use telecommunication systems either as a support for grid assets’ operation or as the enabler for voice communications among operating staff. The main objective of utility telecommunications is to connect remote premises and staff with central premises and…...

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Feb 09, 2018 | By

Five telecommunication systems embedded in smart grid applications and services
Power Substation

Substation splitting and CB autoclosing for limitation of short-circuit currents

In this article, we describe method and technique of substation splitting and use of circuit breaker autoclosing that may be used for the control and limitation of the magnitude of short-circuit currents in both power system operational and design timescales…....

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Feb 02, 2018 | By

Substation splitting and circuit breaker autoclosing for limitation of short-circuit currents
Premium Content

Neutral Point Treatment in Three-Phase Networks (Detailed Overview and Comparison)

The main faults in power networks are the single-phase short-circuit and the short-circuit to ground. The short-circuit to ground is a conductive connection between a point in the network belonging to the operational circuit and ground. Between 80% and 90%…...

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Jan 18, 2018 | By

Neutral Point Treatment in Three-Phase Networks
Premium Content

8 Examples Of Transformer Differential Protection Using SIPROTEC Numerical Relays

The following examples show the application of SIPROTEC numerical relays for transformer protection. The individual functions are designated, using ANSI codes (Standard C37.2 – Electrical Power System Device Function Numbers). The integrated supplementary functions in each relay may be applied…...

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Jan 05, 2018 | By

8 Examples Of Transformer Differential Protection Using SIPROTEC Numerical Relays
Premium Content

Analyzing Power System And Equipment Performance Through Oscillographic Records

Most technically oriented people recognize the familiar 60Hz voltage and current traces that constitute the parameters of an operating power system. There are, however, transient components superimposed on the 60Hz waveform in the form of spikes and higher and lower…...

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Dec 15, 2017 | By

Analyzing Power System And Equipment Performance Through Oscillographic Records
Premium Content

How Bad Harmonics Influence The Work Of Rotating Machines (Induction Motors)

The presence of harmonics in the work of induction motors can be pretty bad. Why? They produce elastic deformation, that is, shaft deflection, parasitic torques, vibration noise, additional heating, and lower the efficiency of rotating machines. The movement of the…...

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Dec 01, 2017 | By

How Bad Harmonics Influence The Work Of Rotating Machines (Induction Motors)
Premium Content

We can load distribution transformer heavily when it is cold, but when it’s hot…

Distribution transformers (commonly mineral-oil-immersed type) are output rated and their loading and sizing guidelines of many utilities are based on ANSI/IEEE C57.91. Distribution transformers can deliver their rated kVA without exceeding temperature rise limits when the following conditions apply: The…...

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Nov 09, 2017 | By

We can load distribution transformer heavily when it is cold, but when it's hot...
Premium Content

3 Applications Of Capacitor Banks Used To Correct The Load Power Factor

Capacitors are used in industrial premises for two basic functions: the first, to correct the load power factor, usually to meet the supplying authority’s supply requirements and avoid tariff penalties if the required power factor is not met, and the…...

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Oct 27, 2017 | By

Medium Voltage Capacitor Banks
Premium Content

4 basic designs of an offshore wind farm collector system and important parameters

As the power capacity of offshore wind farms increases, the adequacy of the wind farm electrical system becomes critical. The efficiency, cost, reliability and performance of the overall wind farm will depend, to a great extent, on the electrical system…...

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Oct 01, 2017 | By

4 basic designs of an offshore wind farm collector system and important parameters
Premium Content

4 crucial devices used for distribution system protection (selection and installation tips)

A wide variety of equipment is used to protect distribution networks. The particular type of protection used depends on the system element being protected and the system voltage level. And even though there are no specific standards for the overall…...

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Sep 15, 2017 | By

4 crucial devices used for distribution system protection (selection and installation tips)
Energy and Power

Reactive power and power factor measurement in industrial plant

A varmeter is used to measure the reactive power in an industrial plant that is supplied by an 8300-V, three-phase, four-wire line. The plant load is estimated to be 300 kVA at 0.8 pf. Design a suitable measuring system. The…...

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Jul 31, 2017 | By

Reactive power & power factor measurement in industrial plant
Premium Content

Practical methods of reducing noise and interference on cables

A few practical methods of reducing noise will be examined in this technical article. These include a quantitative consideration of the effects of shielding, cable spacing, earthing (or grounding) and a note of specific problem areas on which to concentrate…....

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Jul 15, 2017 | By

Practical methods of reducing noise and interference on cables


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