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Category 'Premium Content' - Technical Articles

Technical articles in the “Premium Contents” category are fully accessible to Premium Members only. Electrical engineering guides, specialist technical articles, and papers authored by experienced electrical engineers are all available to premium users. As an electrical engineer working in the Low-, Medium-, or High-Voltage fields, it will help you develop the professional technical skills you’ll need on the job.

Power Substation

How to: Isolation, maintenance, and restoration of a 132kV GIS Transformer Bay and Line Bay

This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide to the standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the isolation, maintenance, and restoration of a 132kV GIS Transformer Bay and Line Bay. It will delve into detailed safety checks, specific steps to be…...

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Jul 15, 2024 | By

How to: Isolation, maintenance, and restoration of a 132kV GIS Transformer Bay and Line Bay
Power Substation

Dangerous threats that can compromise operation of modern digital substations and IEDs

Digital substations are pretty fragile in terms of various kinds of threats. Yes, they are advanced and have a vast number of highly effective protection and control features, but this time, we’ll talk about the threats that can possibly compromise…...

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Jul 08, 2024 | By

Dangerous threats that can compromise operation of modern digital substations and IEDs
Power Substation

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for GIS Substations You MUST Fully Respect

This technical article delves into the necessity of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) at GIS substations, emphasizing the importance of meticulous documentation, regular review, and formal approval processes to ensure that all operational activities adhere to safety and performance standards. High-voltage…...

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Jun 24, 2024 | By

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for GIS Substations You MUST Respect
Energy and Power

Best practice in hard times: How to safeguard the hundreds and thousands of substations

Like it or not, hard times are in front of us, by all means. I won’t deal the hard times now, but instead, I’ll shortly say that it’s all about the energy resources and who owns them. It’s also not…...

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Jun 17, 2024 | By

Best practice in hard times: How to safeguard the hundreds and thousands of substations
Energy and Power

Design Engineering For Battery Energy Storage Systems: Sizing, Selection and Operation

In this technical article we take a deeper dive into the engineering of battery energy storage systems, selection of options and capabilities of BESS drive units, battery sizing considerations, and other battery safety issues. We will also take a close…...

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Jun 10, 2024 | By

Design Engineering For Battery Energy Storage Systems: Sizing, Selection and Operation
Energy and Power

ATS Schematics and Logic Analysis for a Substation 415V AC Auxiliary Supply Panel

In modern electrical power systems, ensuring a reliable and continuous supply of electricity is critical, particularly in facilities where downtime can result in significant operational disruptions and financial losses. Low voltage automatic transfer schemes at substations play a vital role…...

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Jun 03, 2024 | By

ATS Schematics and Logic Analysis for a Substation 415V AC Auxiliary Supply Panel
Energy and Power

BESS (Battery Energy Storage Systems) in LV and MV Power Networks: Practical Guide

This article aims to inform the reader about the applications, procurement, selection & design, and integration of BESS (battery energy storage systems) into LV and MV power networks. The intended audience is project and design engineers who shall perform procurement…...

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May 27, 2024 | By

BESS (Battery Energy Storage Systems) in LV and MV Power Networks: Practical Guide
Power Substation

Often wrongly interpreted: Terminals, isolating links and bars in wiring diagrams and schematics

Terminals and other connecting elements, such as CT/VT shorting and isolating links, test blocks, and earthlings, often need to be better understood in analysing wiring diagrams and schematics. This can badly impact the testing and maintenance process, and sometimes, it…...

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May 20, 2024 | By

Often wrongly interpreted: Terminals, isolating links and bars in wiring diagrams and schematics
Energy and Power

Mastering Electrical Schematics: From Circuit Topology to Switching Classifications

This technical article aims to delve into various aspects of electrical schematics, symbol representation, and isolation methodologies, shedding light on fundamental concepts and practical applications within the field. From the intricacies of electrical connection and circuit topology to the symbolism…...

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May 06, 2024 | By

Mastering Electrical Schematics: From Circuit Topology to Switching Classifications
Power Substation

A must-have checklist for IEC 61850 communications in digital substations

This article aims to inform the reader of important considerations when designing an IEC 61850 based substation communication system. There is a brief background introduction to substation communications, to give the reader context for the implementation of IEC 61850 based…...

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Apr 22, 2024 | By

A must-have checklist for IEC 61850 communications in digital substations
Power Substation

Intricacies of a breaker pole discrepancy and its implications for substation operation

This article delves into the realm of pole discrepancy in high voltage circuit breakers, shedding light on its mechanisms, applications, and the pivotal role it plays in enhancing system reliability. From understanding the choice between gang (three-pole) and independent (single-pole)…...

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Apr 08, 2024 | By

Intricacies of a circuit breaker pole discrepancy and its implications in substation operation
Power Substation

Practical Design Rules for Protection System Engineers

Relay protection and the whole bunch of protection system engineering around the substation are quite interesting from the point of view of creativity. The Control and Protection System technology in a substation is very important because it watches over, protects,…...

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Apr 01, 2024 | By

Practical Design Rules for Protection System Engineers
Energy and Power

Circuit breaker schematics in a nutshell: Tripping, closing and blocking coil arrangements

This technical article embarks on a comprehensive exploration of various facets of circuit breaker technology, traversing from the fundamental principles of solenoid coils to the sophisticated mechanisms of SF6 density monitoring circuits. Delving into the intricacies of circuit breaker tripping…...

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Mar 25, 2024 | By

Circuit breaker schematics in a nutshell: Tripping, closing and blocking coil arrangements
Energy and Power

Mastering DC supply selection schemes for HV control and protection panels

In this article, we will explore various aspects related to DC supply selection schemes, the rationale behind their necessity, and the importance of redundancy and reliability in maintaining uninterrupted power to control and protection panels. Additionally, we will delve into…...

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Mar 11, 2024 | By

Mastering DC supply selection schemes for HV control and protection panels
Electric Motor

The analysis of relay control systems: Electrical schematics with latch, step and lockout relays

To be honest, expertise in relay systems is fundamental for comprehension and creativity in circuits design. From bi-stable relays that maintain their states without continuous power to step relays facilitating incremental changes, and lockout relays guarding against unauthorized reenergization, each…...

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Feb 26, 2024 | By

The analysis of relay control systems: Electrical schematics with latch, step and lockout relays


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