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Category 'Premium Content' - Technical Articles

Technical articles in the “Premium Contents” category are fully accessible to Premium Members only. Electrical engineering guides, specialist technical articles, and papers authored by experienced electrical engineers are all available to premium users. As an electrical engineer working in the Low-, Medium-, or High-Voltage fields, it will help you develop the professional technical skills you’ll need on the job.

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Power Substation

Prepare yourself for successful inspection and testing of MV metal-clad switchgear

This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the essential inspection and testing processes, emphasizing their importance in the effective functioning of medium-voltage switchgear. The inspection and testing standards included in this resource prioritize safety, functionality, and efficiency, making…...

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Nov 13, 2023 | By

Prepare yourself for successful inspection and testing of MV metal-clad switchgear
Power Substation

Mastering Interlock Logic and Schemes for a Gas-Insulated Substation (132 kV GIS Example)

As we delve deeper into this article, we will explore the various types of interlocking mechanisms used for Gas-Insulated Substation (GIS), their applications in substations, power plants, and electrical installations, as well as their significance in ensuring the sustained safety…...

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Oct 30, 2023 | By

Mastering Interlock Logic and Schemes for a Gas-Insulated Substation (132 kV GIS Example)
Power Substation

A comprehensive guide to voltage transformer (VT) circuit supervision techniques

Voltage transformer supervision, often referred to as VT fuse fail supervision relay, plays a pivotal role in safeguarding electrical systems. Its primary objective is to detect any potential failure within the voltage transformer (VT) circuit. This raises the important question:…...

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Oct 16, 2023 | By

A comprehensive guide to voltage transformer (VT) circuit supervision techniques
Power Substation

The art of the transmission switchyard design: The physical layout engineering (Case study included)

This article aims to shed some light on the so-called physical engineering activity in switchyard design in conjunction with some engineering computations. The physical layout engineering tackles the plot plan and SLD to optimize the area and coordinate with all…...

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Oct 02, 2023 | By

The art of the transmission switchyard design: The physical layout engineering (Case study included)
Premium Content

Mastering stability test of power transformer: Differential and Restricted Earth Fault (REF) protection

This technical article discusses the essentials of transformer differential protection and restricted earth fault protection schemes, contrasting the two and elaborating on why the latter is necessary. Furthermore, it reveals the outcomes of stability tests performed on a 502 MVA…...

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Sep 25, 2023 | By

Mastering stability test of power transformer: Differential and REF protection
Maintenance

Field secrets and warnings in power transformer mechanical check and visual inspection

Let’s discuss the visual and mechanical inspection procedures for oil-filled power transformers. It’s important, very important to examine a variety of key checkpoints, both external and internal to transformers, all based on the IEC 60076 standard. Each item on the…...

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Sep 11, 2023 | By

Field secrets and warnings in power transformer mechanical check and visual inspection
Premium Content

A comprehensive guide to correct calculation for transformer differential relay settings

In this technical article, we will delve into the comprehensive methodology of calculating the differential relay settings for the GE P642 relay. Each step of the process will be explored, from data collection to final setting determination. By following these…...

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Aug 28, 2023 | By

A comprehensive guide to correct calculation for transformer differential relay settings
Power Substation

Never underestimate how important it is to choose the right CT size in fault detection and protection

In the realm of electrical power systems, current transformers (CTs) play a vital role in accurately measuring and monitoring current levels. Proper sizing of CTs is essential to ensure their adequacy and enable reliable operation within specified limits. This article…...

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Aug 14, 2023 | By

Never underestimate how important it is to choose the right CT size in fault detection and protection
Energy Generation

The art of generator synchronization techniques that every true engineer MUST know about

There are two main types of generator synchronization techniques: manual and automatic. The operator performs speed and voltage adjustments on the generator and issues the breaker closure command during a manual synchronization. Manual synchronization, in its purest form, is done…...

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Aug 07, 2023 | By

The art of synchronizing generator to the grid by adjusting the generator speed and voltage
Maintenance

Hints and warnings for proper installing, earthing and testing of current transformers

Welcome to the third and final part of our comprehensive series on current transformers (CTs) and their secondary circuits. In Parts 1 and 2, we covered various aspects of CT operation, secondary injection testing, burden calculations, CT circuit connections, safety…...

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Jul 31, 2023 | By

Hints and warnings for proper installing, earthing and testing of current transformers
Maintenance

A detailed checklist for the installation and commissioning of Gas-Insulated Substations (GIS)

Gas-insulated substations (GIS) are critical components of modern electrical power systems, providing efficient and compact solutions for the transmission and distribution of electricity. These substations utilize sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas as an insulating and arc-quenching medium, offering several advantages over…...

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Jul 17, 2023 | By

A detailed checklist for the installation and commissioning of Gas-Insulated Substations (GIS)
Power Substation

Comprehensive Guide to Secondary Injection Testing of the Current Transformers (Part 2)

Welcome to the second part of our three-part series on current transformers (CTs) and their secondary circuits. In Part 1, we explored the fundamental principles of CT operation, the importance of secondary injection testing, the concept of “burden,” considerations for…...

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Jul 03, 2023 | By

Comprehensive Guide to Secondary Injection Testing of the Current Transformers (Part 2) - Ensuring Reliable Operation & Testing of CTs
Power Substation

Comprehensive Guide to Secondary Injection Testing of the Current Transformers (Part 1)

Welcome to the first part of our three-part series on current transformers (CTs) and their secondary circuits. In this series, we will delve into the intricacies of CT operation, explore the importance of secondary injection testing, examine the concept of…...

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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.
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Jun 19, 2023 | By

Comprehensive Guide to Secondary Injection Testing of the Current Transformers (Part 1) - CTs and their Secondary Circuits
Power Substation

The good and bad practices in the commissioning of current transformers in a substation

In the previous technical article (check here), we delved into primary injection testing and the commissioning of current transformers. We explored the primary and secondary sides of current transformers, learned key concepts and terminology used by protection engineers, and examined…...

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Jun 05, 2023 | By

The good and bad practices in the commissioning of current transformers in a substation
Power Substation

Primary injection testing and CTs commissioning in power substations (for true engineers)

Primary injection testing is a vital procedure in the commissioning and maintenance of current transformers (CTs). These transformers are integral components of electrical systems, enabling precise measurement and effective protection of electrical currents. In this article, we will explore the…...

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May 29, 2023 | By

Primary injection testing and CTs commissioning in power substations (for true engineers)


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