Mastering single line and wiring diagrams: MV earth fault protection

This technical article continues the series of articles dedicated to mastering single line and wiring diagrams of medium voltage switchgear. This time, the subject is the principle, and realization of…...

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Mar 26, 2020 | Miodrag Kokotovic

The art of determining the right cross-section of low voltage conductors

To be clear at the beginning of this article, determining the cross-section of conductors and cables is, for sure, not the most exciting part of electrical design. There are much… Read more

Mar 16, 2020 | Edvard

Mastering single line and wiring diagrams: Interlocking between MV cubicles

There are numerous variations of MV switchgear topology, measurement, and control logic. However, there are also some basic rules related to these aspects which may be frequently seen in practice,…...

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Mar 12, 2020 | Miodrag Kokotovic

Best relay protection practices applied to shunt reactors, capacitors, SVCs and STATCOMs

This technical article explains the protection practices applied to shunt reactors and capacitors as well as to static var compensators (SVCs) and static compensators (STATCOMs). Dry-type and oil-immersed reactors usually… Read more

Mar 11, 2020 | Edvard

When can we say that earthing arrangement is safe for people (confusions in practice)

This article will analyse some of the most important safety issues related to design and use of LV electrical installations. Besides explanation of relevant terms in this field defined by…...

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Feb 28, 2020 | Miodrag Kokotovic

The art of designing the auxiliary system of a power plant

Power plant auxiliary system is usually pretty complicated and consists of dozen of motors, transformers, capacitor banks, variable frequency drives, PLCs, and other electrical devices. Therefore, protection relaying cannot be… Read more

Feb 24, 2020 | Edvard

Inevitable in almost all electrical switchboards – Residual current device (RCD)

Technology that RCD uses is so simple and so magical. The residual current device continually measures the difference between the value of the outgoing and incoming currents in the circuit… Read more

Feb 12, 2020 | Edvard

Advices in choosing the right neutral earthing system for your installation

The choice of a neutral earthing system is dependent on requirements and objectives that are often contradictory to such an extent that sometimes several systems have to be created within… Read more

Feb 03, 2020 | Edvard

How does low voltage protection unit work and what’s the most important to understand

If we are talking about LV applications, protection (or trip) unit is functional part of circuit breaker, and in most cases, they are physically integrated in the same housing as…...

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Jan 23, 2020 | Miodrag Kokotovic

IEC and NEMA/IEEE ratings of current transformers (CTs) in medium voltage applications

First, let’s remind ourselves of the basics in a few sentences. That is something you must know. A current transformer (CT) is designed to produce a secondary current which is… Read more

Jan 20, 2020 | Edvard