Cables
Dos, don’ts and precautions in wiring cables and conductors inside low-voltage switchboard
To be clear from the very beginning of this article, there is no standard model for wiring low voltage switchboards and panelboards. However, for the wide variety of installations and… Read more
Apr 26, 2021 | By Edvard
Protection
Three basic principles of differential protection you SHOULD properly understand
The three basic principles of differential protection explained in this article, which has been known for decades, are still applicable and independent of the specific device technology. The differential protection… Read more
Mar 29, 2021 | By Edvard
Power Substation ♛
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The mystery of nuisance tripping incidents in transformer protection that worry engineers
This technical article deals with transformer failure incidents due to nuisance tripping caused by various design flaws, operational conditions, or improper protection relay settings. The focus is on differential protection…...
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Feb 22, 2021 | By Salem Alshahrani
Power Substation ♛
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Mastering GIS control circuits: AC/DC auxiliary circuits and circuit breaker closing circuit
A gas-insulated substation (GIS) is usually utilized in high voltage applications in which all conductive parts are encapsulated in sealed cylinders with SF6 as the insulating medium. The air-insulated substation…...
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Jan 11, 2021 | By Salem Alshahrani
Power Substation
Four ways of ensuring proper selectivity in MV/HV electrical network protection
Selectivity study of a power system is usually considered as an advanced job for advanced engineers, mostly relay protection engineers. This article will try to get close to a few… Read more
Jan 04, 2021 | By Edvard
Electrical Lectures
The facts about numerical relays that every electrical engineer should know
The first protection devices based on microprocessors were employed in 1985. The widespread acceptance of numerical technology by the customer and the experiences of the user helped in developing the… Read more
Dec 23, 2020 | By Edvard
Protection
Exciting and inrush currents in transformers that often make protection relays go crazy
If normal voltage is impressed across the primary terminals of a transformer with its secondary open-circuited, a small exciting current flows. This exciting current consists of two components, the loss… Read more
Dec 07, 2020 | By Edvard
Protection
Ohmic relay applications for protecting power system, lines and generators
This class of relays was originally used to protect transmission lines and were believed to measure the distance from the relay location to a fault. Currently, several types are applied… Read more
Nov 09, 2020 | By Edvard
Electric Motor ♛
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Mastering Motor Control Center (MCC): Wiring diagrams and equipment from zero to hero
Motor control center (MCC) was introduced back in 1937 to place different motor starters in one cabinet to save space. It is a modular cabinet that supplies and controls motors,…...
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Nov 02, 2020 | By Salem Alshahrani
Power Substation
The facts about switchyards, incoming and outgoing feeder connections, CTs and VTs
What do you need to know about designing a switchyard? Well, to simplify, you need a lot and it’s not that simple. Switchyards need to be designed with respect to… Read more
Oct 21, 2020 | By Edvard
Protection
How primary feeder, distribution transformer, fuses and service operate in radial networks
As we already know, distribution transformers step down from the distribution or primary feeder voltage to the utilization voltage. They are connected to the primary feeder, sub-feeders, and laterals through… Read more
Oct 12, 2020 | By Edvard
Power Substation
13 terms concerning relaying, measurements, and breakers used by protection engineers
It’s not unusual to see graduates and engineers from other disciplines experience difficulties in properly interpreting the terminology used in applying relays, analyzing their performance, and designing protection systems. Actually,… Read more
Oct 07, 2020 | By Edvard
Medium Voltage ♛
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How hard can be analyzing MV switchgear wiring diagrams and single line diagram
The capability of reading different types of drawings is an essential skill to perform almost all of the engineering tasks. The engineering drawings form the building blocks of industry method…...
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Oct 05, 2020 | By Salem Alshahrani
Energy and Power
Eight fuse characteristics you must consider when designing protection circuits
Fuses were the first type of protection to be used, and they still have a place in numerous applications. Although they do not have the flexibility of adjustment and resetting… Read more
Sep 16, 2020 | By Edvard
Protection
Protection impacts in the intentional islanding of Distributed Generation (DG)
Distributed Generation can potentially increase the distribution system reliability and provide additional technical and economical benefits by allowing intentional islanding or so called micro-grid operation of DGs. The current IEEE… Read more
Sep 02, 2020 | By Edvard
