6 tools you MUST learn before programming numerical protection relays for real

Developing basic setting specifications for numerical relays is a boring process for most electrical engineers, but not for the protection engineers! It requires significant input data but, for the most… Read more

May 20, 2019 | Edvard

The case of phase-to-phase fault in a 13.8 kV switchgear caused by heavy rain

In this case study we describe a 13.8 kV switchgear phase-to-phase fault due to by heavy rain evolving into a three-phase fault that was cleared by transformer numerical relays. The…...

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May 17, 2019 | Edvard

The basic protection schemes for 4 typical transformer types in power system

The degree of transformer protection provided depends to a great extent upon the size and functional importance of the unit. A further important factor is the economic aspect. The cost… Read more

May 13, 2019 | Edvard

Internal electrical systems within nuclear power plant stations (power sources)

Electrical systems within a nuclear power plant (NPP) deserve significant design considerations. The availability of on-site as well as off-site power plays a crucial role in nuclear power plant safety… Read more

Apr 29, 2019 | Edvard

Three good examples of the application of modern relays to transformer protection

This technical article provides three examples of the application of modern relays to transformer protection. As there are many modern protection relays nowadays that provide advanced software to simplify the… Read more

Apr 22, 2019 | Edvard

Learn to read and understand single line diagrams and wiring diagrams

Single line diagrams are used in common engineering practice as graphical representation of electrical switchboard or assembly containing more sections, i.e. cubicles. Basically, they are simplified and digest picture of…...

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Apr 12, 2019 | Miodrag Kokotovic

Properly engineered and installed selective coordination between LV circuit breakers

It’s extremely important to work on selective coordination of circuit breakers in the design phase of a system. After switchboards, distribution panels, MCCs, lighting switchboards, etc. are installed, there typically… Read more

Apr 10, 2019 | Edvard

Minimizing failure impact in distribution systems by allowing faults to clear themselves

Distribution systems are basically insecure – failure of a major component always leads to customer interruptions. So, what can be done? Reliable distribution systems minimize this impact by allowing faults… Read more

Apr 08, 2019 | Edvard

Electrical design of healthcare facilities (essential system requirements)

Due to the critical nature of the care being provided at healthcare facilities and their increasing dependence on electrical equipment for preservation of life, they have special requirements for the… Read more

Apr 01, 2019 | Edvard

Practical steps in the design of a substation grounding

Grounding at power substations is extremely important. Grounding system provides the ground connection for the grounded neutral for transformers, reactors, and capacitors and also the discharge path for lightning rods,…...

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Mar 29, 2019 | Edvard