Metering
How to make the right selection of a digital transducer for power system measurements
The accurate measurement of the voltage, current or other parameter of a power system is a prerequisite to any form of control, ranging from automatic closed-loop control to the recording of data for statistical purposes. Measurement of these parameters can… Read more
Aug 19, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Six differential stator-phase-fault protection (87) for all size generators (you MUST know)
Generally, phase faults at generators rarely occur, but when they do, large fault currents can flow and make a mess. The best protection is differential (ANSI 87), and this type is recommended for all generators, except maybe for small units… Read more
Aug 12, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electric Motor
Protection of three-phase motors from unbalance (loss of phase and phase rotation)
The most common cause of unbalance for three-phase motors is the loss of phase resulting from an open fuse, circuit breaker, connector, or damaged conductor. Unbalances in other connected loads can also affect the motor. A voltage unbalance of 3.5%… Read more
Aug 10, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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My practical experience in the electrical protection system of industrial generators
A functional protection system installed, commissioned, and maintained on critical equipment like an industrial generator is of high importance. As such, every protection system must have the ability to: accurately detect, discriminate and isolate, and timely disconnect any fault. Each…...
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Aug 03, 2020 | By Ezeala Winner
Medium Voltage
Installation guidelines for MV metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear (IEC 62271-200)
What does it mean ‘metal-enclosed switchgear’? Metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear are generally assembled from type-tested panels. As per IEC 62271-200 metal-enclosed switchgear installations must be designed so that their insulation capacity, degree of protection, current carrying capacity, switching capacity and… Read more
Jul 27, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
How system earthing keeps you and the network safe
The term “earthing” consists of several functions which only have “utilizing the earth” in common. Before describing the system earthing, it can be of interest to know a bit about the different types of earthing. Protective earthing is applicable mainly… Read more
Jul 22, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Control system equipment that supervises, protects and controls the substation operation
The control system equipment in a substation is a vital part that supervises, protects and controls the transmission of electrical power. The increasing complexity in the substations of today, together with the increasing transmitted power and the increasing fault current… Read more
Jul 13, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Protection coordination practices in distribution systems with distributed generation
Generally, in most of the countries that cover large area, there are three types of distribution systems: urban, suburban, and rural. Each type of them has its own features regarding the length of the backbone, types of protection devices used,… Read more
Jul 08, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Principles and schemes of busbar and breaker protection in MV/HV/EHV networks
A busbar protection is a protection to protect busbars at short-circuits and earth-faults. In the “childhood” of electricity no separate protection was used for the busbars. Nearby line protection were used as back-up for busbar protection. With increasing short-circuit power… Read more
Jun 24, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
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Primary rated values for medium voltage switchgear often mixed by engineers
It’s not unusual to see that engineers mix terms of primary ratings. If they are not understood well, yes, it’s possible to mix some of them. But it’s essential to differentiate them. This technical article will try to shed some…...
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Jun 22, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
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A real-life case study of relay coordination (step by step tutorial with analysis)
I would say that coordination is a TEAMWORK. In the protection context, it implies how the various protection devices in an electrical distribution network, work as a team, to achieve the common objective of power supply continuity, even in the…...
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Jun 15, 2020 | By Sivakumar K
Power Substation
Protection practice recommendations and relay schemes for transformer, bus and breaker failure
Protective relays are most often applied with other protective and auxiliary relays as a system rather than individually. The following basic scheme descriptions apply to electromechanical, static, and microprocessor relay systems. The static and microprocessor relay systems generally have more… Read more
Jun 06, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
The impact of interconnection transformer on the protection of the utility system with DG
Interconnection transformers are used to interface a distribution generation (DG) unit with an existing power system, and to provide the necessary isolation. Utilities recommend using an interconnection transformer to eliminate possible zero sequence or dc components in the generated voltages,… Read more
Jun 03, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Medium Voltage
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The most common issues I experienced in wiring of a medium voltage switchgear
Nowadays, the design and manufacturing of a Medium Voltage switchgear is not an easy task. Many factors could affect the generation of an optimal set of engineering drawings to be easily followed by the wiring people in the shop. One…...
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May 18, 2020 | By Ivan Contreras
Energy and Power
Four very important precautions for the installation of cables and busbar trunking systems
First, to be clear, there are dozen of concerns and precautions you should be aware of when we talk about energy transport. Cables and busbar systems are the most common and reliable ways to do so, at least until wireless… Read more
May 11, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
