How primary feeder, distribution transformer, fuses and service operate in radial networks
As we already know, distribution transformers step down from the distribution or primary feeder voltage to the utilization voltage. They are connected to the primary feeder, sub-feeders, and laterals through primary fuses or fused cutouts. The primary fuse disconnects its… Read more
Oct 12, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
13 terms concerning relaying, measurements, and breakers used by protection engineers
It’s not unusual to see graduates and engineers from other disciplines experience difficulties in properly interpreting the terminology used in applying relays, analyzing their performance, and designing protection systems. Actually, this is normal, but during the project, this lack makes…...
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Oct 07, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Learn how to analyze MV switchgear wiring diagrams and single line diagram
The capability of reading different types of drawings is an essential skill to perform almost all of the engineering tasks. The engineering drawings form the building blocks of industry method to convey detailed information to implement, gather, troubleshoot, maintain, and…...
Membership Upgrade Required
This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Oct 05, 2020 | By Salem Alshahrani
Eight fuse characteristics you must consider when designing protection circuits
Fuses were the first type of protection to be used, and they still have a place in numerous applications. Although they do not have the flexibility of adjustment and resetting capacity of a circuit breaker, they are nevertheless reliable, high… Read more
Sep 16, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection impacts in the intentional islanding of Distributed Generation (DG)
Distributed Generation can potentially increase the distribution system reliability and provide additional technical and economical benefits by allowing intentional islanding or so called micro-grid operation of DGs. The current IEEE Standards (old IEEE 929 and new IEEE 1547) and UL… Read more
Sep 02, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Earth fault protection in a solidly (effectively) earthed high voltage power systems
The fault statistic shows that earth faults are the dominating fault type and therefore the earth fault protection is of main importance in a network. The type of earth fault protection used is dependent of the system earthing principle used…. Read more
Aug 24, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
How to make the right selection of a digital transducer for power system measurements
The accurate measurement of the voltage, current or other parameter of a power system is a prerequisite to any form of control, ranging from automatic closed-loop control to the recording of data for statistical purposes. Measurement of these parameters can… Read more
Aug 19, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Six differential stator-phase-fault protection (87) for all size generators (you MUST know)
Generally, phase faults at generators rarely occur, but when they do, large fault currents can flow and make a mess. The best protection is differential (ANSI 87), and this type is recommended for all generators, except maybe for small units… Read more
Aug 12, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection of three-phase motors from unbalance (loss of phase and phase rotation)
The most common cause of unbalance for three-phase motors is the loss of phase resulting from an open fuse, circuit breaker, connector, or damaged conductor. Unbalances in other connected loads can also affect the motor. A voltage unbalance of 3.5%… Read more
Aug 10, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
My practical experience in the electrical protection system of industrial generators
A functional protection system installed, commissioned, and maintained on critical equipment like an industrial generator is of high importance. As such, every protection system must have the ability to: accurately detect, discriminate and isolate, and timely disconnect any fault. Each…...
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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Aug 03, 2020 | By Ezeala Winner
Installation guidelines for MV metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear (IEC 62271-200)
What does it mean ‘metal-enclosed switchgear’? Metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear are generally assembled from type-tested panels. As per IEC 62271-200 metal-enclosed switchgear installations must be designed so that their insulation capacity, degree of protection, current carrying capacity, switching capacity and… Read more
Jul 27, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
How system earthing keeps you and the network safe
The term “earthing” consists of several functions which only have “utilizing the earth” in common. Before describing the system earthing, it can be of interest to know a bit about the different types of earthing. Protective earthing is applicable mainly… Read more
Jul 22, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Control system equipment that supervises, protects and controls the substation operation
The control system equipment in a substation is a vital part that supervises, protects and controls the transmission of electrical power. The increasing complexity in the substations of today, together with the increasing transmitted power and the increasing fault current… Read more
Jul 13, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection coordination practices in distribution systems with distributed generation
Generally, in most of the countries that cover large area, there are three types of distribution systems: urban, suburban, and rural. Each type of them has its own features regarding the length of the backbone, types of protection devices used,… Read more
Jul 08, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
Principles and schemes of busbar and breaker protection in MV/HV/EHV networks
A busbar protection is a protection to protect busbars at short-circuits and earth-faults. In the “childhood” of electricity no separate protection was used for the busbars. Nearby line protection were used as back-up for busbar protection. With increasing short-circuit power… Read more
Jun 24, 2020 | By Edvard Csanyi
