Good practice rules for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of LV conductors
The search for an overall optimization of the installation with regard to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and its ability to function without suffering or emitting excessive interference, comes via a set of good practices, which are often simple and based on…...
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Sep 30, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Operating centralized automatic compensation systems when supplying linear loads
For energy-efficient operation of decentralized multiply-fed industrial networks, each load-centre substation must have its own centralized reactive-power compensation system for automatic PF correction. The automatic reactive-power compensation systems used for load-related control of the reactive power comprise a PF controller… Read more
Sep 16, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Interference and noise affecting transmission media in protection signalling
The transmission media that provide the communication links involved in relay protection signalling are private pilots, rented pilots or channels, power line carrier, radio and the newest and the most advanced technology – optical fibres. Historically, pilot wires and channels… Read more
Sep 09, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
The facts about modern rotary and static uninterruptible power systems (UPS)
This technical article covers the brief explanation of the power quality issues with the reference to the past as well as two main types of modern UPS systems – rotary and static uninterruptible power systems, their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages…. Read more
Sep 04, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Case study: Failure of a transformer & switchgear buses due to a ferroresonance event
First of all, it’s good to know that the possibility of a transformer ferroresonance condition rapidly increases as the transformer is closer to generator zone. This condition may occur when the generator is disconnected, leaving the unit transformer delta winding…...
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Aug 23, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Practical implementation of the six most common transformer protection principles
This technical article relies on the previously published article (6 alarms coming from a substation transformer you MUST take very seriously), but is much more dedicated to the implementation of relay protection principles. You know that transformer is one of… Read more
Jul 24, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Six alarms coming from a substation transformer you MUST take very seriously
Transformers are the most expensive piece of apparatus in a power substation and therefore must have appropriate protection equipment installed to guard against various faults. This technical article explains a few internal transformer faults that make an alarm in a…...
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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Jul 22, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Critical aspects of a distance non-unit relay protection (you should understand)
Non-unit protection consists of circuits that measure and compare the voltages and currents at the relaying point. It is able to determine the location of the fault from these values. It generally only responds to faults in one direction. Non-unit… Read more
Jul 15, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Issues with distributed generation protection (bulk power and distributed generators)
Besides a number of benefits, there are some technical problems with relay protection of distributed generators. It turned out to be one of the most problematical technical issues since its malfunction could cause serious risk for people and components. Much… Read more
Jul 10, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Practical tips for installing surge protection devices in low voltage panel
In an electrical systems, surge protection devices (SPDs) are usually installed in tap-off configuration (in parallel) between the live conductors and the earth. The operating principle of SPD can be similar to that of a circuit breaker. In normal use… Read more
Jul 08, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection of pumped storage power plants using vacuum generator circuit breaker (VGCB)
The pumped storage power plants (PSPP) are one of the commercially proven methods available for grid-scale energy storage. Building additional PSPPs particularly in the areas with high installed capacities of wind parks and solar power plants will significantly improve the… Read more
Jul 01, 2019 | By Group Of Authors
Lightning protection system – How much of design and material is really needed?
Within this article, an overview of fundamental principles regarding design and construction of lightning protection system (LPS) will be given. Relevant IEC 62305 standard will be used as a reference. Since this is very complex and detailed document, only basic…...
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Jun 28, 2019 | By Miodrag Kokotovic
Differential protection of a transmission line with digital communication via pilot wires
Wire connections have a limited transmission bandwidth (3.4 kHz in the case of telephone twisted pairs). In the past they were used for differential protection with analog (50 Hz) measured value comparison and for phase comparison protection by implementation of… Read more
Jun 26, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Fuses as the oldest and simplest method of protecting rural distribution systems
Fuses are the oldest and simplest methods of protecting rural networks. There is no method as simple as fuses, but don’t be tricked, modern fuses are very reliable devices. All they need is a good discrimination achieved to be almost… Read more
Jun 19, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Using earth & phase directional protection where power flow direction might change
Directional protection relay is often used in all network parts in which the direction of flow of power might change, notably in the instance of a short circuit between phases or of an earthing fault (single phase fault). Directional protection… Read more
Jun 17, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
