Protection
Pilot schemes for transmission line protection
Pilot schemes simultaneously measure and monitor system parameters at all terminals of a transmission line, local and remote, and then respond according to their predetermined functions. These schemes require the use of a communications channel that may be provided through… Read more
Mar 13, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
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Control house at HV/EHV switchyards and substations (construction, layout and functions)
Nowadays, the control house is one of the main parts of every modern HV switchyard and substation. Why? Simply, because substations have grown in complexity and equipment such as circuit breakers, switch disconnectors, CT, VTs, and others must be controlled,…...
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Mar 11, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
Primary and secondary power distribution systems (layouts explained)
Primary distribution systems consist of feeders that deliver power from distribution substations to distribution transformers. A feeder usually begins with a feeder breaker at the distribution substation. Many feeders leave substation in a concrete ducts and are routed to a… Read more
Mar 06, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
5 most important aspects of external protection against the effects of lightning
Analysis of the lightning risk takes numerous factors into consideration. This article will shed the light on one of factors – protection of the structures and its five most important aspects: lightning conductors, electrogeometric model, capture surface areas, downconductors and… Read more
Feb 27, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy Generation
What is negative sequence current and how does it affect generator work
As you know, generators and motors are supposed to operate with balanced three-phase loading, but exposure to unbalanced currents is inevitable. Unbalances could arise from many different sources like unbalanced loads, untransposed transmission line construction, faults and open phases, etc…. Read more
Feb 25, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Protection of a transformer directly connected to a transmission line without switchgear
A transformer-feeder include a transformer directly connected to a transmission line circuit without the intermediation of a HV switchgear. The saving in HV switchgear so achieved is unfortunately lowered by increased complication in the necessary protection. The primary requirement is… Read more
Jan 28, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
The basic understanding of an earthing protection system (diagram and definitions)
As you already know, protective conductors are the main part of every earthing protection system, but the complexity of the system will increase with the requirements of information technology, voltage surge protection, local area networks, etc. with the risk of… Read more
Jan 16, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy Generation
Sizing a MV generator circuit breaker (GCB) in terms of breaking capacity
The main function of a circuit breaker is to carry the rated current of the generator and break both the short-circuit current supplied by the generator and that supplied by the power grid. The basic design of the generator circuit configuration… Read more
Jan 14, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Protection scheme for the substation with a single supply from the utility
The utility supply voltage depends on both availability and consumer requirements. The consumer transformer is connected delta on the high-voltage side and grounded wye on the low-voltage side. A fused-disconnect switch provides three-phase switching and protection for the transformer, as… Read more
Jan 07, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Analysis of faults in machine and transformer windings
The analysis of faults in the synchronous machine and transformer windings presents a special difficulty because the effective impedances of the affected windings under internal fault conditions are not normally known. The methods of analysis are severely limited and are… Read more
Jan 02, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Premium Content
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Directional protection relays applied to multiple power sources, parallel circuits and loops
Directional protection is usually applied to distribution systems that contain multiple power sources, parallel circuits and rings/loops. For such systems it is absolutely necessary to have protection against fault currents that could circulate in both directions, avoiding disconnection of unnecessary…...
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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Dec 27, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
15 bad situations that may lead to catastrophic explosion of a capacitor bank
Some of the failure problems associated with capacitor banks are already known since they happen often. A few of the failures are traceable to the original source and sometimes that may be difficult to do. In many instances, the final… Read more
Dec 23, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
The Essentials Of Voltage Transformers (Advanced Theory and Practice)
The most common voltage sources for power system measurements and protections are either wound transformers (voltage transformers) or capacitive divider devices (capacitor voltage transformers or bushing potential devices). Some new applications of resistor dividers and magneto-optic technologies are also becoming… Read more
Dec 19, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
The essence of LV circuit breakers – Releases, tripping curves, characteristics and limitation
A circuit breaker is both a circuit-breaking device that can make, withstand and break currents whose intensity is at most equal to its rated current (In), and a protection device that can automatically break overcurrents which generally occur following faults… Read more
Dec 17, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Protection scheme for remote private substation with small generator
Connections of private substations to utilities are made more complicated with the addition of private-owned generation facilities. The choice of relays and their placement must be made to ensure adequate protection of both the generator and the interface. The protection… Read more
Dec 12, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
