Electrical Lectures
The basic understanding of an earthing protection system (diagram and definitions)
As you already know, protective conductors are the main part of every earthing protection system, but the complexity of the system will increase with the requirements of information technology, voltage surge protection, local area networks, etc. with the risk of… Read more
Jan 16, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy Generation
Sizing a MV generator circuit breaker (GCB) in terms of breaking capacity
The main function of a circuit breaker is to carry the rated current of the generator and break both the short-circuit current supplied by the generator and that supplied by the power grid. The basic design of the generator circuit configuration… Read more
Jan 14, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Protection scheme for the substation with a single supply from the utility
The utility supply voltage depends on both availability and consumer requirements. The consumer transformer is connected delta on the high-voltage side and grounded wye on the low-voltage side. A fused-disconnect switch provides three-phase switching and protection for the transformer, as… Read more
Jan 07, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Analysis of faults in machine and transformer windings
The analysis of faults in the synchronous machine and transformer windings presents a special difficulty because the effective impedances of the affected windings under internal fault conditions are not normally known. The methods of analysis are severely limited and are… Read more
Jan 02, 2019 | By Edvard Csanyi
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Directional protection relays applied to multiple power sources, parallel circuits and loops
Directional protection is usually applied to distribution systems that contain multiple power sources, parallel circuits and rings/loops. For such systems it is absolutely necessary to have protection against fault currents that could circulate in both directions, avoiding disconnection of unnecessary…...
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Dec 27, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
15 bad situations that may lead to catastrophic explosion of a capacitor bank
Some of the failure problems associated with capacitor banks are already known since they happen often. A few of the failures are traceable to the original source and sometimes that may be difficult to do. In many instances, the final… Read more
Dec 23, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
The Essentials Of Voltage Transformers (Advanced Theory and Practice)
The most common voltage sources for power system measurements and protections are either wound transformers (voltage transformers) or capacitive divider devices (capacitor voltage transformers or bushing potential devices). Some new applications of resistor dividers and magneto-optic technologies are also becoming… Read more
Dec 19, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
The essence of LV circuit breakers – Releases, tripping curves, characteristics and limitation
A circuit breaker is both a circuit-breaking device that can make, withstand and break currents whose intensity is at most equal to its rated current (In), and a protection device that can automatically break overcurrents which generally occur following faults… Read more
Dec 17, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Protection scheme for remote private substation with small generator
Connections of private substations to utilities are made more complicated with the addition of private-owned generation facilities. The choice of relays and their placement must be made to ensure adequate protection of both the generator and the interface. The protection… Read more
Dec 12, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy Generation
Protection Of The Power System Heart – The Generator
This technical article gives key points about the generator protection. To recover the generator from various kinds of faults, the generator protection scheme of the plant must be designed in such a way that groupings of protection are made respect to… Read more
Dec 05, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Protection
Connection schematics of voltage transformers for protective applications
Voltage transformers would have primaries that are either connected directly to the power system (VTs) or across a section of a capacitor string connected between phase and ground (coupling capacitor voltage transformers – CCVTs). Typical units are illustrated in Figure… Read more
Nov 28, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Energy and Power
10 unbalance detection schemes for removing failed capacitor bank from the system
The main purpose of an unbalance detection scheme is to remove a capacitor bank from the system in the event of a failure and fuse operation. This will prevent damaging overvoltages across the remaining capacitor units in the group where… Read more
Nov 26, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Coordinating study in protection of utility supply line, transformer and plant main bus/feeder
The installation of a dedicated substation to serve a plant actually involves an interface between the utility and the plant. Close coordination between utility and plant personnel is essential so that relaying, control and other related requirements are identified and… Read more
Nov 21, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Electrical Lectures
What is polarity and why it’s important for transformers and protection relays
Polarity is very important for the operation of transformers and protection equipment. A clear understanding of polarity is useful in understanding and analyzing transformer connections and operations as well as testing protection relays and systems. It’s also essential in understanding… Read more
Nov 19, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
Power Substation
Power transformer combined differential and restricted earth fault protection schemes
This technical article explains very important transformer protection methods and schemes: combined differential and REF, overfluxing, tank-earth and oil/gas protection. In previous article we described how overcurrent, restricted earth fault (REF) and differential protection of a transformer can be applied… Read more
Nov 14, 2018 | By Edvard Csanyi
