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Category 'Protection' - Technical Articles

“Protection” category refers to technical articles dedicated to relay protection of various power substation and transmission & distribution equipment, such as low- medium- and high-voltage switchgear, transformers, capacitor banks, cables, transmission lines, electric motors and generators, and so on. Great attention is paid on circuit breaker schematics, such as tripping, closing and blocking coil arrangements, etc.

Energy and Power

Are your switchgear and electrical room safe?

What is safe when it comes to an older electrical equipment and internal-arc flash in electrical room. Substation operators generally assume that with the covers and doors closed, the switchgear is in a totally safe work condition. This technical article… Read more

Jul 07, 2025 | By

Are your switchgear and electrical room safe?
High Voltage

What to expect from an old GIS, and what are the options for support and life extension

Every new GIS switchgear eventually gets old and obsolete at the end of its lifetime. Problems with GIS, as with every other switchgear type, typically start after the midpoint of the lifecycle. This is the point at which the end…...

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Jun 30, 2025 | By

What to expect from an old GIS and what are the options for support and life extension
Premium Content

The Problems of Modern Distribution Systems in the Age of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs)

The evolution of power distribution networks is being shaped by unprecedented growth in distributed energy resources (DERs), particularly rooftop solar and other inverter-based technologies. Traditionally designed for one-way power flow from substations to end-users, distribution systems are now experiencing reverse…...

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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.
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Jun 02, 2025 | By

The Problems of Modern Distribution Systems in the Age of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs)
Energy and Power

What is a Load Flow Study in Power Engineering

Load flow, sometimes known as power flow, are phrases that may be used interchangeably in power engineering. This term refers to a network solution that forecasts steady-state currents, voltages, and both real and reactive power flows across each branch and… Read more

May 26, 2025 | By

What is a Load Flow Study in Power Engineering
Power Substation

Behind upgrading the 50+ years old 132/11 kV substation

Let’s look at the 50+ years old 132/11 kV substation that needs refurbishing and uprating as an illustration of the complicated mix of concerns that need to be considered. It shows that there are more than just financial factors to…...

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May 19, 2025 | By

Behind upgrading the 50+ years old 132/11 kV substation
Power Substation

Why do power grid crashes and total blackouts happen?

Minimizing the likelihood of blackouts is of the highest importance due to the significant effects that would result from partial or total blackouts in highly industrialized nations. Additional difficulties have been and will be posed by the growing use of…...

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May 12, 2025 | By

Why do power grid crashes and total blackouts happen?
Power Substation

Pitfalls hidden in determining transformer tank, bushings, insulation, and impedance

Managing specification and assests for large power transformers such as tank, bushings, insulation and short-circuit impedance is quite challenging. One mistake and you’re done! Power transformers play a real critical role in high-voltage transmission systems, providing strict voltage transformation, system…...

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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.
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Apr 28, 2025 | By

Pitfalls hidden in determining transformer tank, bushings, insulation, and impedance
Premium Content

Four most important power transformer analyses

To be clear, nowadays, you can perform dozens of analyses on a transformer, and all of them are very important. However, it should not be that hard to separate a few of them, the most important ones. Let’s discuss insulation,…...

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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.
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Mar 31, 2025 | By

Four most important power transformer analyses
Power Substation

Alarms Coming From the Shunt Reactor You Must Never Ignore (and what should be done)

Nowadays, monitoring of transformers and shunt reactors is pretty much common. However, the difference is in the nuances. There are dozens of parameters that can be monitored and the the overall cost is not negligible at all. There are many…...

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This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.
With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
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Mar 24, 2025 | By

Alarms Coming From the Shunt Reactor You Must Never Ignore (and What To Do)
Power Substation

Design of Auto/Manual Changeover Logic Between Two Busbars Within a Substation

In any industry/plant, the operations rely heavily on interruption free supply of power to meet the targets of production. As a result, we see emergency generators, UPSs or renewable energy sources to save us from complete shutdown. This back-up or…...

Membership Upgrade Required

This content is not available in your premium membership plan. Please upgrade your plan in order to access this content. You can choose an annually based Basic, Pro, or Enterprise membership plan. Subscribe and enjoy studying specialized technical articles, online video courses, electrical engineering guides, and papers.
With EEP's premium membership, you get additional essence that enhances your knowledge and experience in low- medium- and high-voltage engineering fields.
Black Friday Deal 💥 - Save 20% on Pro Plan with code BLACKFRIDAY
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Mar 10, 2025 | By

Design of Auto/Manual Changeover Logic Between Two Busbars Within a Substation
Energy and Power

What is Time Grading in Relay Protection

What are time grading and relay coordination in protection philosophy? Let’s try to figure out how to grade (or rank) the relays’ operation times so that the one nearest the problem operates first. In Radial Distribution Systems, time-graded protection works… Read more

Mar 07, 2025 | By

What is Time Grading in Relay Protection


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